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A arte da guerra em Portugal: 1245 a 1367
O nosso objecto de estudo seria, portanto, a organização e a prática da guerra em Portugal durante o período anterior ao das Guerras Fernandinas, observadas, como havia já sido feito por João Gouveia Monteiro, numa perspectiva de “história da guerra total” e não apenas num plano puramente marcial, da estratégia e da táctica. De facto, como sublinhava Robert L. O´Connell, num estudo sobre as raízes sociológicas dos conflitos militares, a guerra “não é simplesmente violência armada. É antes uma instituição específica, premeditada e dirigida por uma forma de estrutura de governo; ligada com questões de natureza social e não individual; envolvendo a participação (ainda que nem sempre entusiástica) dos combatentes e que pretende obter resultados duradouros e não efémeros”. É esta instituição e as suas principais vertentes que procuraremos compreender melhor ao longo deste trabalho.
Alfonso X, the Justinian of His Age
In this magisterial work, Joseph O'Callaghan offers a detailed account of the establishment of Alfonso X's legal code, the Libro de las leyes or Siete Partidas, and its applications in the daily life of thirteenth-century Iberia, both within and far beyond the royal courts. O'Callaghan argues that Alfonso X, el Sabio (the Wise), was the Justinian of his age, one of the truly great legal minds of human history. Alfonso X, the Justinian of His Age highlights the struggles the king faced in creating a new, coherent, inclusive, and all-embracing body of law during his reign, O'Callaghan also considers Alfonso X's own understanding of his role as king, lawgiver, and defender of the faith in order to evaluate the impact of his achievement on the administration of justice. Indeed, such was the power and authority of the Alfonsine code that it proved the king's downfall when his son invoked it to challenge his rule. Throughout this soaring legal and historical biography, O'Callaghan reminds us of the long-term impacts of Alfonso X's legal works, not just on Castilian (and later, Iberian) life, but on the administration of justice across the world.
A Revision of the Dulcamaroid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae)
This volume is a monograph of the 47 species of the Dulcamaroid clade of the large and diverse genus Solanum. Species in the group occur in North, Central and South America, and in Europe and Asia. The group is most species-rich in Peru and Brazil, and three of the component species, Solanum laxum of Brazil, Solanum seaforthianum of the Caribbean and and Solanum crispum of Chile are cultivated in many parts of the world. All species are illustrated and a distribution map of each is provided. All names are typified and nomenclatural and bibliographic details for all typifications presented. One new species from Ecuador is described. The monograph is the first complete taxonomic treatment of these species since the worldwide monograph of Solanum done by the French botanist Michel-Felix Dunal in 1852.
The Cambridge History of Judaism: Volume 2, The Hellenistic Age
Vol. 4 covers the late Roman period to the rise of Islam. Focuses especially on the growth and development of rabbinic Judaism and of the major classical rabbinic sources such as the Mishnah, Jerusalem Talmud, Babylonian Talmud and various Midrashic collections.
Marijuana Boom
Before Colombia became one of the world’s largest producers of cocaine in the 1980s, traffickers from the Caribbean coast partnered with American buyers in the 1970s to make the South American country the main supplier of marijuana for a booming US drug market, fueled by the US hippie counterculture. How did Colombia become central to the creation of an international drug trafficking circuit? Marijuana Boom is the story of this forgotten history. Combining deep archival research with unprecedented oral history, Lina Britto deciphers a puzzle: Why did the Colombian coffee republic, a model of Latin American representative democracy and economic modernization, transform into a drug paradise, and at what cost?
Factional Struggles
This title is available in Open Access thanks to the support of Université de Genève. Factional Struggles explores the dynamics of conflicts among ruling elites within cities, dynastic courts, rural areas and regional noble lineages during the early modern period. Building on case studies from France, Italy, the Empire and the Swiss Confederation, the essays collected by Mathieu Caesar in this volume highlight how factions were formed and how they shaped political society from the late Middle Ages. The authors have especially focused on how political and religious ideologies contributed to the formation of partisanship, the role of propaganda, and the significance and strategies of factional leaders. The volume shows how factions, despite the generally negative view of them held by theologians and jurists, were in practice accepted and used as political tools.
Practical Considerations for Adaptive Trial Design and Implementation
This edited volume is a definitive text on adaptive clinical trial designs from creation and customization to utilization. As this book covers the full spectrum of topics involved in the adaptive designs arena, it will serve as a valuable reference for researchers working in industry, government and academia. The target audience is anyone involved in the planning and execution of clinical trials, in particular, statisticians, clinicians, pharmacometricians, clinical operation specialists, drug supply managers, and infrastructure providers. In spite of the increased efficiency of adaptive trials in saving costs and time, ultimately getting drugs to patients sooner, their adoption in clinical ...
