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The biggest impediment for applying membrane processes is fouling from natural organic matter (NOM) and particles. Fouling reduces the flux through membranes, increasing both the capital and operating costs. Softening is traditionally designed to remove hardness ions in hard waters, but it also has the capability to remove particles and organic matter. However, virtually no effort has been directed toward using softening as a pretreatment before membrane processes. This research was designed to fill that gap. The following are highlights from the project: Organic matter, i.e., natural organic matter or a simple organic component used as a NOM surrogate, is the most detrimental foulant on the...
Transport Modeling for Environmental Engineers and Scientists, Second Edition, builds on integrated transport courses in chemical engineering curricula, demonstrating the underlying unity of mass and momentum transport processes. It describes how these processes underlie the mechanics common to both pollutant transport and pollution control processes.
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After the drug discovery and development process, designing suitable formulations to safely deliver the optimum dose, while avoiding side effects, has been a constant challenge, especially when drugs are very toxic and have poor solubility and undesirable clearance profiles. With recent advances in synthetic technologies, nanoparticles can be custom-made from a variety of advanced materials to mimic the bioenvironment and can be equipped with various targeting and imaging moieties for site-specific delivery and real-time imaging. Drug Delivery Using Nanomaterials covers advancements in the field of nanoparticle-based drug-delivery systems, along with all the aspects needed for a successful a...
Nanobiotechnology is the convergence of existing and new biotechnology with the 1 ability to manipulate matter at or near the molecular level. This ability to manipulate matter on a scale of 100 nanometers (nm) or less is what constitutes the nanotechnology revolution occurring today, the potentially vast economic and social implications of which are yet to be fully understood (Royal Society, 2004). The most immediate way to understand the implications of nanobiotechnology for ethics is to consider the real life concerns of communities that are mobilizing within civil society. The conflicts and ethical debates surrounding nanotechnology will, almost by definition, emerge on the fault lines b...
Metals in Surface Waters presents state-of-the-art research and applications on the full range of subjects, including toxicity to aquatic organisms as well as humans with an emphasis on metals speciation. The book explores metals contamination of surface waters from several different disciplines, such as analytical chemistry, aquatic chemistry and toxicology, environmental engineering, and oceanography.
Cincinnati Magazine taps into the DNA of the city, exploring shopping, dining, living, and culture and giving readers a ringside seat on the issues shaping the region.