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There is extensive evidence from animal models that gonadal steroids, produced in fetal and neonatal life, act on the developing organism to produce sex differences far beyond the reproductive system. That early gonadal steroid exposure also plays an important role in human development is supported by studies of individuals with disorders of sex determination and differentiation. It is much less clear whether normal variation in gonadal steroid exposure predicts sexually dimorphic health outcomes or within-sex variation. This is largely due to challenges related to the assessment of gonadal steroid exposure in the developing fetus and neonate. Regarding the prenatal period, serial measuremen...
A state-of-the-art and concise guide to the clinical management of pediatric endocrine disorders, the second edition of the highly regarded Pediatric Endocrinology: A Practical Clinical Guide covers the most common and challenging conditions seen by practicing endocrinologists and primary care physicians, including growth, hypothalamic, pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, calcium and bone, and reproductive disorders, as well as metabolic syndromes. This expanded second edition includes new topics being seen more commonly in pediatric endocrinology practices related to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus and lipid disorders. Each chapter contains an introductory discussion of the problem, a review ...
Centuries ago, during the industrial revolution, rickets, also called 'the English disease', spread rapidly among city-dwelling poor children and became endemic due to vitamin D deficiency and insufficient access to sunlight. Nowadays it appears to be endemic again as the increase of vitamin D deficiency is paralleling the primacy of breast-feeding in Western societies. Breastfeeding, nutritional status and dark skin are the main risk factors for rickets or 'rachitis' as is the correct medical term. Rickets is a childhood disorder and the basis for understanding the disease is rooted in the concept of mineral metabolism and its control mechanisms in the growing fetus, infant and child. As it...
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This volume features the results of a meeting held at the National Institutes of Health to advance the goals of having the menstrual cycle accepted and understood as a marker of general health in adolescent girls and defining a related research agenda. Specific topics covered in the volume include: (1) normal processes of the adolescent menstrual cycle, including menarche, the psychology of puberty, and cultural perceptions and practices surrounding menarche; (2) disease processes and the adolescent menstrual cycle, including genetic mechanisms of amenorrhea, Turner syndrome, FMR1 premutation, galactosemia, disorders of sexual differentiation, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, chronic disease,...
This volume publishes the proceedings of the 5th International Turner Symposium. It covers how health care for Turner Syndrome patients can be optimally managed from infancy to adulthood. New scientific data on molecular genetics of Turner syndrome and practical approaches to the management of cardiac problems were shared to 350 participants of the 2-day conference. Scientific advances in assisted reproductive techniques were also discussed in detail. This book is indeed a necessary tool in understanding Turner syndrome for both health care professionals and patients. Many recommendations for diagnosis and treatment serve as a guideline for the comprehensive care of women with Turner syndrome.
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