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Cities can be seen as geographical imaginaries: places have meanings attributed so that they are perceived, represented and interpreted in a particular way. We may therefore speak of cityness rather than 'the city': the city is always in the making. It cannot be grasped as a fixed structure in which people find their lives, and is never stable, through agents designing courses of interactions with geographical imaginations. This theoretical perspective on cities is currently reshaping the field of urban studies, requiring new forms of theory, comparisons and methods. Meanwhile, mainstream urban studies approaches neighbourhoods as fixed social-spatial units, producing effects on groups of re...
The words ‘precarity’ and ‘precariousness’ are widely used when discussing work, social conditions and experiences. However, there is no consensus on their meaning or how best to use them to explore social changes. This book shows how scholars have mapped out these notions, offering substantive analyses of issues such as the relationships between precariousness, debt, migration, health and workers’ mobilizations, and how these relationships have changed in the context of COVID-19. Bringing together an international group of authors from diverse fields, this book offers a distinctive critical perspective on the processes of precarization, focusing in particular on the European context. The Introduction, Chapters 3 and 8, and the Afterword are available Open Access via OAPEN under CC-BY-NC-ND licence.
Within liberal multicultural societies, the right of exit has assumed prominent position in the negotiations between the basic rights of individuals and the rights of cultural or religious groups to govern their internal affairs. The nature, role and scope of application of such a right are, however, dependent on various factors. These include the character of the group from which one wishes to leave, the surrounding society to which one wishes to enter, the role and status of the person who wants to exit, as well as the framework within which the responsibilities of different actors (individuals, groups, state) are negotiated. Whereas the right of exit is one of the central elements of any liberal democracy, several theoretical as well as practical difficulties persist. On Exit addresses some of the most pressing theoretical difficulties and gives normative guidance to the more concrete issues of cultural accommodation. Amongst the contributors to the volume are included political scientists, philosophers, legal scholars and experts on religion, thus providing genuinely interdisciplinary perspectives on the issues on exit.
Economic Restructuring and the Growing Uncertainty of the Middle Class focuses on a relatively new research area which is becoming increasingly more important: the growing uncertainty of the middle class. Until recently, members of the middle class were not only assured of a good social and economic position but also of the continuation of this position. Nowadays, economic and organisational changes are threatening this once secure position. The boundaries between the middle classes and the working class are becoming less and less visible. `Making a career', which was in the past central for middle class people, is becoming ever more difficult. Moreover, organisational restructuring is threa...
As unprecedented numbers of unaccompanied African minors requested asylum in Europe in 2015, Annika Lems witnessed a peculiar dynamic: despite inclusionary language in official policy and broader society, these children faced a deluge of exclusionary practices in the classroom and beyond. Frontiers of Belonging traces the educational paths of refugee youth arriving in Switzerland amid the shifting sociopolitical terrain of the refugee crisis and the underlying hierarchies of deservingness. Lems reveals how these minors sought protection and support, especially in educational settings, but were instead treated as threats to the economic and cultural integrity of Switzerland. Each chapter highlights a specific child's story—Jamila, Meron, Samuel, and more—as they found themselves left out, while on paper being allowed "in." The result is a highly ambiguous social reality for young refugees, resulting in stressful, existential balancing acts. A captivating ethnography, Frontiers of Belonging allows readers into the Swiss classrooms where unspoken distinctions between self and other, guest and host, refugee and resident, were formed, policed, and challenged.
The punitive turn of penal policy in the United States after the acme of the Civil Rights movement responds not to rising criminal insecurity but to the social insecurity spawned by the fragmentation of wage labor and the shakeup of the ethnoracial hierarchy. It partakes of a broader reconstruction of the state wedding restrictive “workfare” and expansive “prisonfare” under a philosophy of moral behaviorism. This paternalist program of penalization of poverty aims to curb the urban disorders wrought by economic deregulation and to impose precarious employment on the postindustrial proletariat. It also erects a garish theater of civic morality on whose stage political elites can orche...
Our Unsustainable Life: Why We Can't Have Everything We Want With the concept of the Imperial Mode of Living, Brand and Wissen highlight the fact that capitalism implies uneven development as well as a constant and accelerating universalisation of a Western mode of production and living. The logic of liberal markets since the 19thCentury, and especially since World War II, has been inscribed into everyday practices that are usually unconsciously reproduced. The authors show that they are a main driver of the ecological crisis and economic and political instability. The Imperial Mode of Living implies that people's everyday practices, including individual and societal orientations, as well as...
Inklusion und Exklusion sind elementare Kategorien der Soziologie. Beide Begriffe verweisen auf paradoxe Konsequenzen, die die empirische Forschung inspiriert haben. Inklusion in eine begrenzte Zahl von Subsystemen bedeutet gleichzeitig Exklusion aus allen anderen Subsystemen. Exklusion aus einem Unternehmen (Arbeitslosigkeit) hat gleichzeitig eine Inklusion in andere Formen der Vergesellschaftung zur Folge (sozialstaatliche Fürsorge). In diesem Band werden die Begriffe Inklusion und Exklusion auf zentrale Probleme der Sozialstruktur und der sozialen Ungleichheit angewandt. Ungleiche Chancen im Bildungssystem haben Exklusion und Marginalisierung auf dem Arbeitsmarkt zur Folge. Die Auflösung von Netzwerken hat weitreichende Konsequenzen für die Struktur einer nationalen Ökonomie (Deutschland AG). Am Beispiel der Flüchtlinge aus den deutschen Ostgebieten wird der konfliktreiche Inklusionsprozess einer Migrationsbevölkerung nach dem 2. Weltkrieg nachgezeichnet. Prozesse der räumlichen Inklusion/Exklusion verschärfen die Probleme der Armutsbevölkerung im innerstädtischen Ghetto.
Seit dem letzten Drittel des 20. Jahrhunderts sind rasante soziale, politische und technologische Entwicklungen zu beobachten. Diese führen zu teilweise grundlegenden Neuordnungen sozialräumlicher Zusammenhänge. Das neu aufgelegte „Handbuch Sozialraum“ hat sich vor diesem Hintergrund die Aufgabe einer kritischen Systematisierung im Bildungs- und Sozialbereich gestellt. Dazu liefern die Autorinnen und Autoren aktuelle und fundierte Antworten auf die damit verbundenen Kommunalisierungstendenzen, auf die Neujustierung von Angebotsstrukturen und auf die veränderte Konzeptualisierung von fachlichen Konzepten und Modellen im Kontext einer sich radikalisierenden Segregation innerhalb und zwischen den Städten und Gemeinden.