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Inflammation is a central mechanism in many neurological diseases, including stroke, multiple sclerosis, and brain trauma as well as meningitis and contributes to the generation of pain. We are now beginning to understand the impact of the immune system on different nervous system functions and diseases, ranging from damage through tolerance to modulation and repair.This book discusses some of the more common neuro-inflammatory diseases. Topics covered include multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis and Susac syndrome. - Comprehensive review of the latest developments in neuroinflammation - Includes contributions from leading authorities
The adult vertebrate central nervous system mainly consists of neurons, astrocytes, microglia cells, and oligodendrocytes. Oligodendrocytes, the myelin-forming cells of the CNS, are subjected to cell stress and subsequent death in a number of metabolic or inflammatory disorders, among which multiple sclerosis (MS) is included. This disease is associated with the development of large demyelinated plaques, oligodendrocyte destruction, and axonal degeneration, paralleled by the activation of astrocytes and microglia as well as the recruitment of peripheral immune cells to the site of tissue injury. Of note, viable oligodendrocytes and an intact myelin sheath are indispensable for neuronal health. For example, it has been shown that oligodendrocytes provide nutritional support to neurons, fast axonal transport depends on proper oligodendrocyte function, and mice deficient in mature myelin proteins eventually display severe neurodegeneration. This Special Issue contains a collection of highly relevant primary research articles as well as review articles focusing on the development, physiology, and pathology of the oligodendrocyte–axon–myelin unit.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a life-long chronic disease diagnosed primarily in young adults. During an MS attack, inflammation occurs in areas of the white matter of the central nervous system (nerve fibers that are the site of MS lesions) in random patches called plaques. This process is followed by destruction of myelin, which insulates nerve cell fibers in the brain and spinal cord. Myelin facilitates the smooth, high-speed transmission of electrochemical messages between the brain, the spinal cord, and the rest of the body. The initial symptom of MS is often blurred or double vision, red-green color distortion, or even blindness in one eye. Most MS patients experience muscle weakness in their extremities and difficulty with coordination and balance. Most people with MS also exhibit paresthesias, transitory abnormal sensory feeling such as numbness or 'pins and needles'. Some may experience pain or loss of feeling. About half of people with MS experience cognitive impairments such as difficulties with concentration, attention, memory, and judgment. Presents leading research from around the globe.
Written by leading scientists and researchers, this book presents a comprehensive reference of state-of-the-art efforts and early results in the area of autonomic networking and communication. This special issue explores different ways that autonomic principles can be applied to existing and future networks. In particular, the book has three main parts, each of them represented by three papers discussing them from industrial and academic perspectives.
Volume I.A An outbreak of a respiratory disease first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and the causative agent was discovered in January 2020 to be a novel betacoronovirus of the same subgenus as SARS-CoV and named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly disseminated worldwide, with clinical manifestations ranging from mild respiratory symptoms to severe pneumonia and a fatality rate estimated around 2%. Person to person transmission is occurring both in the community and healthcare settings. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently declared the COVID-19 epidemic a public health emergency of international ...
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Kaum ein Gebiet der klinischen Neurologie entwickelt sich so dynamisch wie die Neuroimmunologie. Neue, effiziente Immunmodulatoren und immunsuppressive Medikamente wurden entwickelt, die viele neuroimmunologische Erkrankungen heute gut therapierbar machen. Dieses Praxisbuch vermittelt zum einen die Kenntnis der aktuellen diagnostischen und therapeutischen Strategien primärer neuroimmunologischer Krankheitsbilder, die vor allem für den klinisch tätigen Neurologen von Bedeutung sind. Zum anderen gehen die Autoren ausführlich auf die neurologischen Manifestationen internistischer autoimmuner Systemerkrankungen ein. Das Hauptaugenmerk des Werks liegt auf den Diagnose- und Therapieanweisungen...
Im Blick - Pathogenese, Klinik, Diagnostik, Therapie und Rehabilitation - Nach neuesten wissenschaftlichen Studien und Richtlinien