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This book addresses the principle of proportionality, which is currently one of the most important instruments of judicial review, from both analytical and theory of law perspectives. As such, the analysis provided is far more comprehensive and can be applied to all areas of law, not just constitutional law. On the one hand, the volume offers a broad perspective on several aspects related to proportionality, such as its structure, the balancing methodology and the distinction between rules and principles. On the other, it provides an innovative, normativist and analytical approach to proportionality, helping readers understand its structure and behaviour.
Under the influence of the global spread of human rights, legal disputes are increasingly framed in human rights terms. Parties to a legal dispute can often invoke human rights norms in support of their competing claims. Yet, when confronted with cases in which human rights conflict, judges face a dilemma. They have to make difficult choices between superior norms that deserve equal respect. In this high-level book, the author sets out how judges the world over could resolve conflicts between human rights. He presents an innovative legal theoretical account of such conflicts, questioning the relevance of the influential proportionality test to their resolution. Instead, the author develops a...
Modern liberal societies are submerged in conflict and disagreement. People disagree about almost everything—not only about matters of justice, but also about issues that are more private. They disagree on how to interpret freedom and equality; they disagree and even experience conflict with issues regarding the use of a veil, or children wearing crucifixes in public spaces; they also enter into conflict and disagreement regarding issues such as homosexuality, extramarital sex, drugs, euthanasia, abortion, suicide, and experimentation on animals. All these issues can be understood as moral problems, but we also have disagreements concerning other topics that are unrelated to moral issues. ...
"Jakob Weissinger unpacks a central problem in jurisprudence - the concept of rights - by examining other core concepts of normative practice and how they are interwoven. The result is a stand-alone theory which fundamentally questions established approaches."--
This book presents the current state of the art regarding the application of logical tools to the problems of theory and practice of lawmaking. It shows how contemporary logic may be useful in the analysis of legislation, legislative drafting and legal reasoning concerning different contexts of law making. Elaborations of the process of law making have variously emphasised its political, social or economic aspects. Yet despite strong interest in logical analyses of law, questions remains about the role of logical tools in law making. This volume attempts to bridge that gap, or at least to narrow it, drawing together some important research problems—and some possible solutions—as seen thr...
This volume offers different perspectives on judicial practice in the European and American contexts, both arguably characterized in the last decades by the emergence of novel normative and even policy arguments by judges. The central question deserving the attention of the contributors concerns the degree in which judicial exercises in practical reasoning may amount to forms of judicial usurpation of the legislative function by courts. Since different views as to the nature and scope of legal reasoning lead to different degrees of tolerance regarding what should be admissible to courts, that same nature and scope is thoroughly debated. The main disciplinary approach is that of general jurisprudence, but the contributions take stock of other disciplines in which judicial activism has been addressed, namely positive theories of judicial behavior. Accordingly, the book also explores the development of interdisciplinary dialogue about the theme.
Comparative constitutionalism emerged in its current form against the backdrop of the fall of the Berlin Wall and the end of the Cold War. As that backdrop recedes into the past, it is being replaced by a more multi-polar and confusing world, and the current state of the discipline of comparative constitutionalism reflects this fragmentation and uncertainty. This has opened up space for new, more varied, and increasingly critical voices seeking to improve the project of democratic constitutionalism. But it also raises questions: What of the past, if anything, is worth preserving? Which more recent parts should be defining of the field? In this context, this book asks which are - or should be...
A ponderação e a proporcionalidade, que porventura consubstanciam os dois conceitos mais relevantes no domínio constitucional, têm sido o objeto das mais variadas e emocionais críticas por parte da comunidade jurídica, não obstante a inevitabilidade do primeiro em certas condições e a positivação do segundo na maioria dos sistemas jurídicos. No presente estudo, após analisar-se as respetivas condições de relevância normativa, formula-se uma teoria geral da ponderação, no âmbito da qual se explora o discurso das razões para a ação. Esclarecidas as relações conceptuais que o conectam à ponderação, é ainda exaurida a estrutura e comportamento do princípio da proporcionalidade, rejeitando-se a existência de um princípio da proibição da insuficiência, e explicitando-se a possibilidade de deferência judicial no quadro da sua aplicação.
A presente obra inclui diversos contributos de análise do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana na jurisdição constitucional, nacional e estrangeira, e também na justiça internacional. Procura dar uma visão panorâmica da enorme complexidade dos desafios que aquele princípio coloca no dia-a-dia das democracias constitucionais contemporâneas. Para além de um enquadramento de algumas das problemáticas relativas à delimitação do seu conteúdo, analisam-se questões localizadas na intersecção da dignidade com os direitos sociais, a família, a procriação, a morte, a igualdade e a autonomia, bem como os deveres de proteção e a ponderação. Os estudos escrutinam decisões de Direito português, mas também de Direito internacional e de Direito espanhol, alemão, brasileiro, angolano e colombiano, abrangendo questões de Direito Constitucional, Direito Civil, Direito do Trabalho, Direito Penal e Direito da Bioética.
A ponderação e a proporcionalidade, que porventura consubstanciam os dois conceitos mais relevantes no domínio constitucional, têm sido o objeto das mais variadas e emocionais críticas por parte da comunidade jurídica, não obstante a inevitabilidade do primeiro em certas condições e a positivação do segundo na maioria dos sistemas jurídicos. No presente estudo, após analisar-se as respetivas condições de relevância normativa, formula-se uma teoria geral da ponderação, no âmbito da qual se explora o discurso das razões para a ação. Esclarecidas as relações conceptuais que o conectam à ponderação, é ainda exaurida a estrutura e comportamento do princípio da proporcionalidade, rejeitando-se a existência de um princípio da proibição da insuficiência, e explicitando-se a possibilidade de deferência judicial no quadro da sua aplicação.