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The Anopheles Mosquito Microbiota and Their Impact on Pathogen Transmission
The Anopheles Mosquito Microbiota and Their Impact on Pathogen Transmission.
Immunité de la Drosophile
Cette th se de doctorat rapporte une tude de la r ponse immunitaire locale et de ses liens avec la r ponse syst mique, chez la Drosophile. La r ponse syst mique, l' chelle de l'organisme, est induite dans le corps gras en pr sence de bact ries dans la cavit g n rale alors que la r ponse locale est mise en place en cas d'accumulation de bact ries au contact d'un pith lium. Au cours de ma th se, j'ai d'une part caract ris un nouveau mode d'infection locale, par voie g nitale, induisant une r ponse la fois locale et syst mique en absence de bact ries dans la cavit g n rale. Mes r sultats indiquent que le peptidoglycane bact rien est le signal induisant la r ponse syst mique. D'autre part, j'ai tudi la fonction du g ne PGRP-LA. Les PGRP sont des r gulateurs et des effecteurs de la r ponse immunitaire chez les animaux. L'analyse du transcriptome de trach es larvaires sugg re que PGRP-LA participe au maintien d'un niveau basal d'immunit locale. Ma th se apporte donc des informations sur la r ponse immunitaire dans les trach es et l'appareil g nital ainsi que sur la communication entre pith lium g nital et corps gras lors d'une infection.
Articulations entre réponses locale et systémique dans les défenses antibactériennes de la Drosophile
An immune system protects organisms against infections. During my PhD,I have focused on the local immune responses of Drosophila and on their links with the systemic immune response. The systemic response is induced in the fat body by the presence of bacteria in the body cavity while the local response is initiated when bacteria accumulate within an epithelial tissue. Some local gut infections however have been shown to also induce systemic responses in the absence of bacteria in the body cavity. Thus, a signal from the gut is detected by the fat body. It has been proposed that bacterial peptidoglycan, passing across the gut epithelium, could be this signal. In the first project of my PhD, I...
Anopheles mosquitoes
Anopheles mosquitoes are highly important insects due to their involvement in the transmission of human malaria and its devastating consequences in endemic countries worldwide. In 2010 alone, malaria was responsible for an estimated 660,000 deaths. As the study of Anopheles species and populations is a key element for reaching the goal of malaria elimination, an enormous amount of information has accumulated over the past century, and together in recent decades with the advent of novel technologies the acquisition of new knowledge has accelerated even further. The originality of this book is to offer the latest compilation on various research, new concepts, paradigms and innovative approaches for the control of anophelines using state-of-the-art methodologies and analysis. The 24 chapters, written by internationally recognized experts from 5 continents, cover the rich landscape for the understanding of Anopheles mosquitoes and the development of more effective weapons to control the vector of malaria.
Malaria Transmission Biology
The malaria parasite life cycle is complex and includes an obligatory developmental stage in its mosquito vector host. This transition from human-host to mosquito-host to human-host involves multiple developmental stages and divergent host tissues. Over the years, the research focus on the asexual stage parasites, which causes the symptoms of the disease, has transitioned towards a renewed focus on the transmission forms (or gametocytes), the only stages transmittable to the mosquito vector through ingestion of an infected blood meal. Analysis of sporozoite-liver interactions that result in the establishment of parasitic infection in the mammalian host has become an important research focus,...
Arthropod Vector: Controller of Disease Transmission, Volume 1
Arthropod Vector: Controller of Disease Transmission, Volume 1: Vector Microbiome and Innate Immunity of Arthropods is built on topics initially raised at a related Keystone Symposium on Arthropod Vectors. Together with the separate, related Volume 2: Vector Saliva-Host Pathogen Interactions, this work presents a logical sequence of topic development that leads to regulatory considerations for advancing these and related concepts for developing novel control measures. The three themes of symbionts, vector immune defenses and arthropod saliva modulation of the host environment are central to the concept of determinants of vector competence that involves all aspects of vector-borne pathogen de...
Arthropod Vector: Controller of Disease Transmission, Volume 2
Arthropod Vector: Controller of Disease Transmission, Volume 2: Vector Saliva-Host Pathogen Interactions is built on topics initially raised at a related Keystone Symposium on Arthropod Vectors. Together with the separate, related Volume 1: Controller of Disease Transmission, this work presents a logical sequence of topic development that leads to regulatory considerations for advancing these and related concepts for developing novel control measures. The three themes of symbionts, vector immune defenses and arthropod saliva modulation of the host environment are central to the concept of determinants of vector competence that involves all aspects of vector-borne pathogen development within ...
Immunity in Insects
This volume details methods and protocols necessary to further the study of insect immunity. Chapters guide readers through up-to-date genomic and transcriptomic approaches, insect samples for proteomic analysis, hemocytes in Drosophila, cellular response in Lepidoptera, insect AMPs, manipulate the composition of mosquito microbiota, viral infections in insects, infections by entomopathogenic nematodes, immune response following oral infections, and protocols to to monitor the effect of septic infections with human pathogens using B. mori as a model. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Immunity in Insects aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.Incl .
World Malaria Report 2015
The World Malaria Report 2015assesses global malaria disease trends and changes in the coverage and financing of malaria control programs between 2000 and 2015. It also summarizes progress towards international targets, and provides regional and country profiles that summarize trends in each WHO region and each country with malaria. The report is produced with the help of WHO regional and country offices, ministries of health in endemic countries, and a broad range of other partners. The data presented are assembled from the 96 countries and territories with ongoing malaria transmission, and a further five countries that have recently eliminated malaria. Most data are those reported for 2014 and 2015, although in some cases projections have been made into 2015, to assess progress towards targets for 2015.
