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OPC Unified Architecture
Motivation for This Book The OPC Foundation provides specifications for data exchange in industrial au- mation. There is a long history of COM/DCOM-based specifications, most pro- nent OPC Data Access (DA), OPC Alarms and Events (A&E), and OPC Historical Data Access (HDA), which are widely accepted in the industry and implemented by almost every system targeting industrial automation. Now the OPC Foundation has released a new generation of OPC specifications called OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA). With OPC UA, the OPC Foundation fulfills a technology shift from the retiring COM/DCOM technology to a servi- oriented architecture providing data in a platform-independent manner via Web Service...
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Democratic Revolutions
Thompson examines the neglected concept of democratic revolutions, spontaneous popular uprisings which topple unyielding dictators and begin a transition process that eventually results in the consolidation of democracy.
Energy Audits
Existing literature on energy audits consists almost exclusively of practical guides. This book looks at energy auditing from a scientific perspective. It discusses the nature of energy audits and provides a universally applicable data model as a basis for automatic processing of a large number of energy audits. Qualitative aspects of auditing are discussed in detail. The modeling enables an improved evaluation of subsidy programs for energy audits, but also a systematic and teamwork-oriented creation of energy audits.
Partial Order Methods in Verification
This book presents surveys on the theory and practice of modeling, specifying, and validating concurrent systems. It contains surveys of techniques used in tools developed for automatic validation of systems. Other papers present recent developments in concurrency theory, logics of programs, model-checking, automata, and formal languages theory. The volume contains the proceedings from the workshop, Partial Order Methods in Verification, which was held in Princeton, NJ, in July 1996. The workshop focused on both the practical and the theoretical aspects of using partial order models, including automata and formal languages, category theory, concurrency theory, logic, process algebra, program semantics, specification and verification, topology, and trace theory. The book also includes a lively e-mail debate that took place about the importance of the partial order dichotomy in modeling concurrency.
Rethinking South China Sea Disputes
The proposed book draws on the on-going South China Sea dispute, and the multifaceted challenges wrought by the South China Sea issue that requires an inter-disciplinary perspective. It employs legal-analytical methods, to emphasize the nuances of the role and interpretation of international law and treaties by China in different periods, while taking into account policy and strategic concerns, which generally cast great sways in decision-making. The re-introduction of interdisciplinary concerns straddling law and history illustrates that the historical dimension, which has long been neglected, is an emerging concern that poses looming dangers that may unexpectedly radicalize the friction. Contributing to debunking the mystique wrought by confrontations between a historical and a law-dominated perspective, these perspectives are supported by a more nuanced analytical framework, featuring theoretical concerns with a tinge of practicality. The South China Sea Dispute aims to unveil a nuanced evolution of the issue with a confluence of inter-temporal law, policy and maritime practices in the South China Sea.
Parallel Programs As Petri Nets
This book gives a Petri net based solution to the challenge of simulation, analysis and verification of parallel programs. The presented formal definition of compositional high-level Petri net semantics for B(PN)2 (Basic Petri Net Programming Notation) programs and SDL (Specification Description Language) systems allows the correct and efficient translation of also recursive procedures (in B(PN)2 and SDL) and processes with dynamic creation and termination (in SDL) into high-level Petri nets. All related issues are covered: 1. The algebra of M-nets is extended 2. References relating parts of the programs with parts of the resulting nets are introduced 3. Its implementation in the PEP tool is described 4. Examples (including verification) are given 5. An extension to hybrid systems is shown
The Ahmadiyya Quest for Religious Progress
What happens when the idea of religious progress propels the shaping of modernity? In The Ahmadiyya Quest for Religious Progress. Missionizing Europe 1900 – 1965 Gerdien Jonker offers an account of the mission the Ahmadiyya reform movement undertook in interwar Europe. Nowadays persecuted in the Muslim world, Ahmadis appear here as the vanguard of a modern, rational Islam that met with a considerable interest. Ahmadiyya mission on the European continent attracted European ‘moderns’, among them Jews and Christians, theosophists and agnostics, artists and academics, liberals and Nazis. Each in their own manner, all these people strove towards modernity, and were convinced that Islam helped realizing it. Based on a wide array of sources, this book unravels the multiple layers of entanglement that arose once the missionaries and their quarry met. This title is available in its entirety in Open Access.
Distributed Planning for Self-Organizing Production Systems
In dieser Arbeit wird ein Ansatz entwickelt, um eine automatische Anpassung des Verhaltens von Produktionsanlagen an wechselnde Aufträge und Rahmenbedingungen zu erreichen. Dabei kommt das Prinzip der Selbstorganisation durch verteilte Planung zum Einsatz. - Most production processes are rigid not only by way of the physical layout of machines and their integration, but also by the custom programming of the control logic for the integration of components to a production systems. Changes are time- and resource-expensive. This makes the production of small lot sizes of customized products economically challenging. This work develops solutions for the automated adaptation of production systems based on self-organisation and distributed planning.
Revolution, State Succession, International Treaties and the Diaoyu/Diaoyutai Islands
Dynamism in Sino-Japanese relations, of which the Diaoyu/Diaoyutai Islands dispute constitutes a major part, has greatly overshadowed not only prospects of positive collaboration between China and Japan, but also regional order in East Asia. On the surface, the essence of the dispute focused on sovereignty, which entails competition for maritime resources development and strategic access to the adjacent waters as a critical transportation and military route. What lies at the crux, however, is the conflict between different sets of values, which lead and shape their interpretations of international treaties, changes of governments, and impacts of this upon these Asian states’ attitudes towa...
