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This volume is a compilation of nine articles, translated from German. They deal with those lexicographic texts or text excerpts which have been formulated in order to convey the meaning of a lexical unit to a potential dictionary user who is not familiar with that meaning. The articles not only critically analyze lexicographic practice, in particular the so-called lexicographic definitions and the items giving the synonyms in correlation with the examples, in the light of different semantic approaches. They also present ways towards a common understanding in the context of lexicographically imparting knowledge of meaning, i.e. on the basis of an actional-semantics approach which takes into account results obtained from analyses of everyday dialogs about word meanings. Moreover, they discuss how meaning-conveying texts can serve their purposes in dictionary look-up situations, and they lay out all those aspects which are particularly to be taken into consideration in the formulation of lexicographic texts aimed at conveying meaning, in dictionaries belonging to different types.
During most of the 20th century, the classical Saussurean distinction between language usage and language structure remained untranscendable in much linguistic theory. The dominant view, propagated in particular by generative grammar, was that there are structural facts and usage facts, and that in principle the former are independent of, and can be described in complete isolation from, the latter. With the appearance of functional-cognitive approaches on the scene, this view has been challenged. The view of structure as usage-based has had two consequences that make time ripe for a focused study of the interaction between usage and structure. Within the generative camp it has inspired a mor...
Contains information on various Pennsylvania military orphan schools including description, activities and finances with some registers of students.
Die von Matthias Kammerer und Werner Wolski herausgegebenen Kleinen Schriften in zwei Bänden (Band 1: 1970-1987, Band 2: 1988-1999) enthalten 37 Beiträge aus 30 Jahren Forschung von Herbert Ernst Wiegand. Die Herausgeber haben eine ausführliche Einführung verfasst, in der sie die einzelnen Beiträge in ihren jeweiligen Forschungskontext einordnen und die Auswahl begründen sowie inhaltliche Verbindungslinien zu den Arbeiten Wiegands ziehen, die nicht berücksichtigt werden konnten. Bei der Auswahl der Beiträge wurden alle Forschungsgebiete von H. E. Wiegand berücksichtigt, so dass Arbeiten zur synchronischen Onomasiologie und Semasiologie, zur lexikalischen Semantik, zur Gebrauchstheorie der Bedeutung, zum Fachsprachengebrauch, zur linguistischen Pragmatik, zur Textlinguistik, zur deutschen Grammatik, zur Terminologiewissenschaft und zu allen Teilbereichen der Lexikographie, insbesondere zur ein- und zweisprachigen Allgemeinlexikographie, zur Text-, Lerner- und Fachlexikographie sowie zur elektronischen Lexikographie in den beiden Bänden versammelt sind.
The book contains a state-of-the-art summary of the theoretical discussions within the field of lexicography during the last decades. On this basis it presents and argues for a new general theory, called the function theory. It goes on to develop this theory in one single field, i.e. learners lexicography where it both formulates the basic elements of a general theory for learners’ dictionaries as well as a number of specific theories for special subfields such as selection, meaning, semantic relations, morphology, syntactic properties and word combinations. It contains a big number of examples extracted from existing dictionaries which are discussed from the point of view of the theories formulated.
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Cognitive Linguistics has given a major impetus to the study of semantics and the lexicon. The present volume brings together seventeen previously published papers that testify to the fruitfulness of Cognitive Linguistics for the study of lexical and semantic topics. Spanning the period from the late 1980s to recent years, the collection features a number of papers that may be considered classics within the field of cognitive linguistic lexicology. The papers are grouped in thematic sections. The first section deals with prototypicality as a theoretical and practical model of semantic descripti.
This collected volume presents radically new directions which are emerging in cognitive lexical semantics research. A number of papers re-ignite the polysemy vs. monosemy debate, and testify to the fact that polysemy is no longer simply taken for granted, but is currently a much more contested issue than it was in the 1980s and 1990s. Other papers offer fresh perspectives on the prototype structure of lexical categories, while generally accepted notions about the radial network structure of categories are questioned in papers on the development of word meaning in child language acquisition and in diachrony. Additional topics include the interaction of lexical and constructional meaning, and the relationship between word meanings and the contexts in which the words are encountered. This book is of interest to semanticists and cognitive linguists, as well as to scholars working in the broader field of cognitive science.
Focusing on the sociolinguistic history of Germanic languages, the current volume challenges the traditional teleological approach of language historiography. The 30 contributions present alternative histories of ten ‘big’ as well as ‘small’ Germanic languages and varieties in the last 300 years. Topics covered in this book include language variation and change and the politics of language contact and choice, seen against the background of standardization processes of written and oral text genres and from the viewpoint of larger sections of the population.