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Envy Up, Scorn Down
An insightful examination of why we compare ourselves to those above and below us. The United States was founded on the principle of equal opportunity for all, and this ethos continues to inform the nation's collective identity. In reality, however, absolute equality is elusive. The gap between rich and poor has widened in recent decades, and the United States has the highest level of economic inequality of any developed country. Social class and other differences in status reverberate throughout American life, and prejudice based on another's perceived status persists among individuals and groups. In Envy Up, Scorn Down, noted social psychologist Susan Fiske examines the psychological under...
Understanding and Changing Health Behaviour
The identification of the factors predicting health behaviour has become a major focus of research in the field of health psychology and related disciplines. This awareness not only increases our understanding but also provides important targets for interventions to change health behaviour. Understanding and Changing Health Behaviour focuses on a range of key social cognitive factors in this process, using examples from an impressive breadth of applied settings that include smoking cessation, condom use and breast examination. The book features contributions from some of the best known researchers in the field.
Health, Coping, and Well-being
Over the past decades, the field of health psychology has witnessed a tremendous growth, and social psychologists have contributed substantially to the theoretical foundation of this field. Their research has focused on a wide variety of health-relevant topics such as how individuals decide to respond to threats to their health and well-being, how and why they change their behavior to avoid such threats, and especially, how they adjust to or cope with the risk of threatening disease and with the diseases themselves. As diverse as this literature may be, however, there does appear to be a common theme throughout much of it--the observation that comparison of oneself and one's health status an...
Females, Males, and Sexuality
Females, Males, and Sexuality examines the differences and similarities between males and females in their sexual attitudes, fantasies, and behaviors. Long a controversial subject, the differences between the sexes remains a source of unanswered questions and provocative debates. The views of eight behavioral scientists are combined in this volume to provide biological, social, and socio-biological perspectives on gender and sexuality. Sex variations in attitudes and behaviors are integrated in the introductory chapter. It provides a theoretical framework for describing current findings presented in subsequent chapters, as well as predicting the likelihood of sex differences in future studies. In other chapters, research on the premenstrual syndrome, hormones, and sexual expectations are analyzed. In chapters on attitudes about contraception, female contraceptive behavior serves as a model for organizing predictions about such behavior in males.
Stress and Anxiety
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Preventing Crime
This book examines evidence-based crime prevention through the use of the rigorous methodology of systematic reviews. It brings together the leading scientific evidence on what works best for a wide range of interventions organized around four important domains in criminology: at-risk children, offenders, victims, and places. It is an indispensable guide to the leading scientific evidence on what works best to prevent crime.
The International Journal of Indian Psychology, Volume 3, Issue 2, No. 4
We experience here feeling of joy while presenting first issue of 2016. We thank you again researchers who have presented their articles in this issue. This Issue (Volume 3, Issue 2, No. 1) Published, January, 2016
Refining Prevention: Genetic and Epigenetic Contributions
Currently, most prevention efforts are famed as universal interventions. However, despite the demonstrated efficacy of many prevention programs, variability in response is the rule with some participants responding very little and others accounting for the bulk of the positive impact of the program. Better understanding the processes associated with better and worse response to prevention is a critical first step in refining and adapting existing programs, or alternatively designing new prevention programs with enhanced outcomes. Because vulnerabilities to substance use, emotional problems, risky sexual behavior and other behavioral problems are influenced by a combination of environmental, ...
Divorce and the Next Generation
This informative book clarifies the complex picture of how the experience of divorce in one generation may influence the next generation's approach to and preparedness for marriage. It identifies research and clinical issues regarding the effects of the parental divorce experience on young adults'patterns of dating, attachment, and mate selection. Divorce and the Next Generation focuses primarily on young adults and the patterns and attitudes regarding intimacy and attachment that they will carry into their own adult marriages.The book contains research studies which compare differing variables of developmental achievement, personal adjustment, and attitudes of children from divorced and non...
Genetic Influences on Addiction
A comprehensive review of research examining intermediary mechanisms to understand the link between genetic variation and addiction liability. Although there is scientific consensus that genetic factors play a substantial role in an individual's vulnerability to drug or alcohol addiction, specific genetic variables linked to risk or resilience remain elusive. Understanding how genetic factors contribute to addiction may require focusing on intermediary mechanisms, or intermediate phenotypes, that connect genetic variation and risk for addiction. This book offers a comprehensive review of this mechanistic-centered approach and the most promising intermediate phenotypes identified in empirical...
