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The Divine Charter
Although Mexico began its national life in the 1821 as one of the most liberal democracies in the world, it ended the century with an authoritarian regime. Examining this defining process, distinguished historians focus on the evolution of Mexican liberalism from the perspectives of politics, the military, the Church, and the economy. Based on extensive archival research, the chapters demonstrate that--despite widely held assumptions--liberalism was not an alien ideology unsuited to Mexico's traditional, conservative, and multiethnic society. On the contrary, liberalism in New Spain arose from Hispanic culture, which drew upon a shared European tradition reaching back to ancient Greece. This...
Militarization and Demilitarization in El Salvador's Transition to Democracy
With the resignation of General Renee Emilio Ponce in March 1993, the Salvadorian army's sixty-year domination of El Salvador came to an end. The country's January 1992 peace accords stripped the military of the power it once enjoyed, placing many areas under civilian rule. Establishing civilian control during the transition to democracy was no easy task, especially for a country that had never experienced even a brief period of democracy in its history.In Militarization and Demilitarization in El Salvador's Transition to Democracy, Phillip J. Williams and Knut Walter argue that prolonged military rule produced powerful obstacles that limited the possibilities for demilitarization in the wake of the peace accords. The failure of the accords to address several key aspects of the military's political power had important implications for the democratic transition and for future civil-military relations.Drawing on an impressive array of primary source materials and interviews, this book will be valuable to students, scholars, and policy makers concerned with civil-military relations, democratic transitions, and the peace process in Central America.
Lessons from the Economics of Crime
Reporting on research in the United States, Europe, and South America, this book discusses such topics as a cost-benefit analysis of additional police hiring, the testing of innovative policy interventions through field experiments, imprisonment and recidivism rates, incentives and disincentives for sports hooliganism and much more.
Indian Power Projection
While India is growing into one of Asia’s most important military powers, accounts of this rise have been impressionistic and partial. Indian Power Projection assesses the strength, reach and purposes of India’s maturing capabilities, offering a systematic analysis of India’s ability to conduct long-range power projection. The study finds that India’s power projection is in a nascent stage but that, nevertheless, it may be the case that India will find itself using military force beyond its land borders.
Pastoral Virtues for Artificial Intelligence
Pastoral Virtues for Artificial Intelligence (AI) acknowledges that human destiny is intimately tied to artificial intelligence. AI already outperforms a person on most tasks. Our ever-deepening relationship with an AI that is increasingly autonomous mirrors our relationship to what is perceived as Sacred or Divine. Like God, AI awakens hope and fear in people, while giving life to some and taking livelihood, especially in the form of jobs, from others. AI, built around values of convenience, productivity, speed, efficiency, and cost reduction, serve humanity poorly, especially in moments that demand care and wisdom. This book explores the pastoral virtues of hope, patience, play, wisdom, and compassion as foundational to personal flourishing, communal thriving, and building a robust AI. Biases of determinism, speed, objectivity, ignorance, and apathy within AI's algorithms are identified. These biases can be minimized through the incorporation of pastoral virtues as values guiding AI.
Gig Economy e Contrato de Emprego
As formas de trabalho presentes na Gig Economy possuem uma nova feição, com a intermediação entre o obreiro e o consumidor final feita à distância por empresas via meios telemáticos, sem maiores contatos entre estas e os trabalhadores. As características específicas dessas relações de trabalho, em princípio, fazem concluir pela sua natureza jurídica civilista. Contudo, antes de se chegar a esta conclusão, deve-se aferir se efetivamente não existem os elementos caracterizadores de um vínculo de emprego, pois estes podem estar presentes, apenas o fazendo sob nova forma, confeccionada pelos ditames do novo mundo do trabalho, sendo esta aferição o ponto central desta obra, a qu...
