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Cybele, Attis and Related Cults
This volume brings together articles on the cult of the mother-goddess Cybele and her consort Attis, from the emergence of the religion in Anatolia through its expansion into Greece and Italy to the latest times of the Roman Empire and its farthest extent west, the Iberian Peninsula. It combines the work of established scholars with that of young researchers in the field, and represents a truly international perspective. The reader will find treatment inter alia of Cybele's emasculated priests, the Galli; the dissemination of Cybele-cult through the harbour city, Miletus; the cult of Cybele in Ephesus; the rock-cut sanctuary of Cybele at Akrai in Sicily; the competition between the Cybele-cult and Christianity; and the role of Attis in Neo-Platonic philosophy.
Backgrounds of Early Christianity
New to this expanded & updated edition are revisions of Ferguson's original material, updated bibliographies, & a fresh dicussion of first century social life, the Dead Sea Scrolls & much else.
Psychanodia
Preliminary material -- INTRODUCTION -- DELIMITATION AND MORPHOLOGY OF THE PHENOMENON -- A HISTORICAL FALLACY: THE THEORIES OF THE “RELIGIONSGESCHICHTLICHE SCHULE” -- A CHALLENGE: THE THEORY OF THE GREEK ORIGINS -- THE ORIGINS OF THE APOCALYPTIC GENRE -- THE CELESTIAL ESCHATOLOGY AND ITS TRANSFORMATIONS -- THE MYTHS OF PLUTARCH -- THE PASSAGE OF THE SOUL THROUGH THE SPHERES -- FROM THE JEWISH APOCALYPSES TO THE MI'RAJ -- PROBLEMS CONCERNING THE MEDIEV AL APOCALYPSES -- NOTES TO CHAPTER ONE -- INDEX NOMINUM RERUMQUE.
Attis
This volume deals with the figure of Attis. The work aims to reconsider the mythical and cultic information about this character, trying to provide proof of the processes of "construction" and "reconstruction" that have contributed to the moulding of the different forms of Attis that developed as a result of various demands within different religious traditions. After an introduction about the history of the studies, the first part examines the oldest evidence on Attis, resorting to comparison with religious traditions earlier than or contemporary with Phrygian culture. The second part tackles the classical world and collects the elements of continuity and of innovation in respect of Asianic religious traditions. The third part analyses the problem of the processes of reinterpretation of the traditional cults that both the "pagan" philosophers and the fathers of the Church effected. The link between Attis and Death is discussed in the fourth part.
Cybele and Attis
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The Romans
Roman civilization is one of the bases of the modern world. The extraordinary achievements of Rome--political, military, cultural--and its dramatic, thousand-year history, during which it grew to dominate the whole world of classical antiquity before being overwhelmed in its turn, have been continuously studied and variously interpreted ever since. Rome has been commended for its administration, praised for its system of justice, admired for its arts and technology, extolled for its "virtues," such as love of freedom, independence, discipline, courage, and austerity. It has also been condemned for its aggression, its exploitation of slaves, its excesses, and the decadence that led to its dec...
A Preliminary Catalogue of Sarapis Monuments
Preliminary material -- EGYPT -- ISLES -- ASIA MINOR -- GREECE -- ITALY -- ROME -- NORTH AFRICA -- SPAIN -- FRANCE -- ENGLAND -- GERMANY -- DANUBE COUNTRIES -- MUSEUMS -- ADDENDA -- TOPOGRAPHICAL INDEX -- MUSEUM INDEX -- GENERAL INDEX -- LIST OF PLATES -- PLATES I-XXXIII AND MAP.
Mithras
Known as Mitra to the Indians, Mithra and Zarathustra (Zoroaster in Greek) to the Iranians, and Mithras to the Romans, this is the oldest of all living deities. Mithras was recognized as the greatest rival of Christianity, a greater threat even than the religion of Isis. If Rome had not become Christian, it would have become Mithrasian. Mithraisians had a sacrament that included wine as a symbol of sacrificial blood. Bread in wafers, or small loaves marked with a cross, was used to symbolize flesh. The priestly symbols were a staff, a ring, a hat, and a hooked sword/ members were called brothers, and priests were called "Father." Mithras was born on December 25th. He offered salvation based ...
