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This book covers trends in modern biotechnology. It treats all aspects of this interdisciplinary technology, where knowledge, methods and expertise are required from chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, genetics, chemical engineering and computer science.
Due to their anatomical proximity, muscle and bone tissues are closely related with communication between the two tissues occurring through both physical and molecular mechanisms. Bone and muscle are endocrine organs in that both produce hormone-like molecules, influencing both each other and other distant tissues. The molecular communication between these two tissues constitutes a fundamental crosstalk. Various osteokines and myokines are involved in physiological mechanisms in bone and muscle, as well as in numerous other organs. Numerous in vivo and in vitro models have been developed over the years to clarify these mechanisms. A significant amount remains to be discovered about the endocrine role of the skeletal muscle system under physiological and pathological conditions.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a set of co-morbidities that collectively increase an individual’s risk of developing cardiovascular disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Per the World Health Organization (WHO), MetS is typically characterized by obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Building on this point, some of the major risk factors for development of MetS include increased weight or an obese phenotype, lack of physical activity, and genetics. Interestingly, the last decade has witnessed a deluge of Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) that have linked hundreds of genomic with both collective MetS traits, as well as individual metabolic disorders...
This volume collects selected papers from the 3rd ICCPB in Africa: Animals and Environments. A wide and integrated discussion of how animals persist in their normal habitats aims to improve our appreciation of animal interaction with, and response to, environment. In a time of persistent reductionism in biological studies, the collected papers discuss both breadth and depth of adaptive animal biology from more holistic perspectives. The discussion ranges from unicellular organisms to whole animals. Themes include; molecular bases of physiological response to hypoxia and the role of hypoxia inducible factors; adaptive mechanisms of ion homeostasis in crustaceans, signaling and respiration in ...