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INTRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT AND CITIZENSHIP The environmental issues in the contemporary world are no longer limited to the private sector or public sector. Industry, commerce and governments are no longer the only agents interacting within the environment discussion. The current laws are not based on protection and essential attention on environmental issues and require the participation of an agent of paramount importance: the citizen. According to the dictionary, citizen is a person who is a member of a country and has rights or any performance of their duties to a state. The environmental problems that lead every day on our street, neighborhood, city, state, country, world and finally in ou...
APRESENTAÇÃO MEIO AMBIENTE E CIDADANIA As questões ambientais no mundo contemporâneo já não mais dizem respeito somente ao setor produtivo ou ao setor público. A indústria, o comércio e os governos já não podem mais, serem os únicos agentes a interagir dentro do cenário de discussão sobre o meio ambiente. As leis existentes por si só não sustentam a proteção e atenção indispensável sobre as questões ambientais o que demanda a participação de um agente de suma importância: o cidadão. Segundo o dicionário Aurélio cidadão é o indivíduo no gozo dos direitos civis e políticos de um Estado, ou no desempenho de seus deveres para com este. Os problemas ambientais que ...
METODOLOGIAS REAIS SÃO METODOLOGIAS INVENTADAS A palavra metodologia guarda em si inúmeras faces. Meta-odos-logia significaria dizer da racionalidade (logia) que é empregada para alcançar uma meta tendo um caminho (odos) a ser percorrido. Cada uma das partes do termo deve ser observada com apreço. Em princípio, quando falamos em metodologias ativas de aprendizagem estamos já a reinventar o próprio termo metodologia. Ora, ao invés de traçarmos um caminho que a posteriori será seguido, entendemos que com a inserção do termo “ativas” esse caminho deixa de ser necessariamente pré-determinado. Não que estejamos aqui a deixar uma programação e/ou organização de lado. No enta...
This book introduces the 3R concept applied to wastewater treatment and resource recovery under a double perspective. Firstly, it deals with innovative technologies leading to: Reducing energy requirements, space and impacts; Reusing water and sludge of sufficient quality; and Recovering resources such as energy, nutrients, metals and chemicals, including biopolymers. Besides targeting effective C,N&P removal, other issues such as organic micropollutants, gases and odours emissions are considered. Most of the technologies analysed have been tested at pilot- or at full-scale. Tools and methods for their Economic, Environmental, Legal and Social impact assessment are described. The 3R concept is also applied to Innovative Processes design, considering different levels of innovation: Retrofitting, where novel units are included in more conventional processes; Re-Thinking, which implies a substantial flowsheet modification; and Re-Imagining, with completely new conceptions. Tools are presented for Modelling, Optimising and Selecting the most suitable plant layout for each particular scenario from a holistic technical, economic and environmental point of view.
In one of the most important publications on the European Convention and Court of Human Rights in recent years, a wide range of fundamental practical and theoretical problems of crucial importance are addressed in an original and critical way bringing a fresh, coherent and innovative order into well-known battle zones. The analysis revolves around the Court’s fair balance-test and comprises in-depth analyses of e.g. methods of interpretation, proportionality, the least onerous means-test, the notion of absolute rights, subsidiarity, formal and substantive principles, evidentiary standards, proceduralisation of substantive rights etc. The author coins the term of “primarity” in order to clarify the obligation of the Contracting Parties to implement the Convention in domestic law.
Deals with the topic of Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction (CBDRR). This book provides an overview of the subject and looks at the role of governments, NGOs, academics and corporate sectors in community based disaster risk reduction. It examines experiences from Asian and African countries.
Beginning with a general overview of nanocomposites, Bionanocomposites: Integrating Biological Processes for Bio-inspired Nanotechnologies details the systems available in nature (nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids) that can be integrated within suitable inorganic matrices for specific applications. Describing the relationship between architecture, hierarchy and function, this book aims at pointing out how bio-systems can be key components of nanocomposites. The text then reviews the design principles, structures, functions and applications of bionanocomposites. It also includes a section presenting related technical methods to help readers identify and understand the most widely used analytical tools such as mass spectrometry, calorimetry, and impedance spectroscopy, among others.
Written by prominent experts in the field, this monograph provides the first comprehensive, unified presentation of the structural, algorithmic and applied aspects of the theory of Boolean functions. The book focuses on algebraic representations of Boolean functions, especially disjunctive and conjunctive normal form representations. This framework looks at the fundamental elements of the theory (Boolean equations and satisfiability problems, prime implicants and associated short representations, dualization), an in-depth study of special classes of Boolean functions (quadratic, Horn, shellable, regular, threshold, read-once functions and their characterization by functional equations) and two fruitful generalizations of the concept of Boolean functions (partially defined functions and pseudo-Boolean functions). Several topics are presented here in book form for the first time. Because of the depth and breadth and its emphasis on algorithms and applications, this monograph will have special appeal for researchers and graduate students in discrete mathematics, operations research, computer science, engineering and economics.
This book provides essential information on a wide range of important issues in health sciences relating to child development, nutrition and dietetics, nursing, midwifery, and general health services. It also examines some issues and concerns in health management, including organizational trust in health care; artificial intelligence in healthcare, community-based rehabilitation in cerebral palsy; and digital marketing in the health sector. Contributions in each chapter are prepared by experts in the respective fields, and mirror advances in the respective field. This book sets out a number of important future tasks within the field, and supplies extensive bibliographies at the end of each chapter, as well as tables and figures that illustrate the research findings. All these make this book highly useful and a ‘must-read’ for students, researchers, and professionals in health sciences.