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Since the 1970s global rule-making with respect to international trade has increased in importance. Political and academic attention has been focused either on global institutions like the IMF, the World Bank, the WTO and UN organisations, or on regional blocs like the EU or NAFTA. As negotiations take place in different international arenas, these arenas themselves take on added strategic significance, with agendas pursued and switched from one arena to another, should one route be blocked. While dominant actors have sought to use arena switching to their advantage, subordinate actors have begun to reactivate alternative arenas of negotiation in order to pursue their different agendas. This book employs a multi-level and multi-arena perspective to analyze global rule-making in international trade. It explains why actors – both state and non-state actors – prefer particular arenas. It also addresses the question of which institutional designs serve the aims of specific groups best and how the rules of the different arenas are related.
First Published in 1998. A number of future paths of European spatial evolution are developed and discussed in this book. It applies unconventional economic approaches to spatial policy, and in particular to EU-spatial policies. It is concluded that a) the answer to spatial development challenges should not be geo-design but rather strategic guidelines for sectorial policy measures; b) regional policy on the EU's external border has to involve the cities as regional centres in a cross-border network; c) the new perspective on European spatial policy requires a network approach to regional cooperation, which in turn needs an institution monitoring and evaluation continuously the fuctioning of the net.
This book integrates Keynes' observations about the q-theory into a coherent theory of replacement investment. It demonstrates why, in the absence of a significant post-war depression, business was relieved of the need to replace obsolete capital goods, leading to a period of prolonged stagnation.
Das Deutsche Literatur-Lexikon. Das 20. Jahrhundert ist die Fortf hrung und Erg nzung des Deutschen Literatur-Lexikons. AutorInnendes deutschsprachigen Raumes sind verzeichnet, sofern ihr ma gebliches Wirken im 20. Jahrhundert liegt. Die Artikel enthaltenNamen, Lebensdatenund eine Kurzbiographie. Im bibliographischen Teilwerden Schriften, bersetzungen, Herausgebert tigkeit, Briefe, Nachlass, etc. wie auchdie Sekund rliteratur verzeichnet.