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In late October 1890, a British force led by Admiral Fremantle assaulted and subdued the East African town of Witu, the mainland capital of the Nabahani rulers of Pate; five years later, the entire region and the adjacent coastal islands came under British administration. One of the great tragedies suffered as a result of Admiral Fremantle's initial attack was the loss of the original manuscript of the history of Pate, The Book of the Kings of Pate. This historical work in its various forms is representative of a living historical tradition developed in the coastal city-states of East Africa and is considered one of the important literary treasures of their culture and society. It also stands as the most important indigenous source for Swahili history, the history of the Swahili language, its dialects, and its written tradition. The four Arabic-Swahili versions (manuscripts 177, 321, 344, and 358 of the Library of the University of Dar es Salaam) presented here in The Pate Chronicle add significantly to the growing pool of information available about Pate and East Africa before the era of European colonialism.
Since it erupted onto the world stage in 2009, people have asked, what is Boko Haram, and what does it stand for? Is there a coherent vision or set of beliefs behind it? Despite the growing literature about the group, few if any attempts have been made to answer these questions, even though Boko Haram is but the latest in a long line of millenarian Muslim reform groups to emerge in Northern Nigeria over the last two centuries. The Boko Haram Reader offers an unprecedented collection of essential texts, documents, videos, audio, and nashids (martial hymns), translated into English from Hausa, Arabic and Kanuri, tracing the group's origins, history, and evolution. Its editors, two Nigerian scholars, reveal how Boko Haram's leaders manipulate Islamic theology for the legitimisation, radicalization, indoctrination and dissemination of their ideas across West Africa. Mandatory reading for anyone wishing to grasp the underpinnings of Boko Haram's insurgency, particularly how the group strives to delegitimize its rivals and establish its beliefs as a dominant strand of Islamic thought in West Africa's religious marketplace.
In this comprehensive book, plant biologists and environmental scientists present the latest information on different approaches to the remediation of inorganic pollutants. Highlighting remediation techniques for a broad range of pollutants, the book offers a timely compilation to help readers understand injury and tolerance mechanisms, and the subsequent improvements that can be achieved by plant-based remediation. Gathering contributions by respected experts in the field, the book represents a valuable asset for students and researchers, particularly plant physiologists, environmental scientists, biotechnologists, botanists, soil chemists and agronomists.
This book describes the advantages and disadvantages and characterization techniques of clay-composites for environmental applications. It examines the structure and chemistry of different types of clay-composites and their synthesis, characteristics and applications in detail with a special focus on upscaling and limitations. Various topics covered in this book include overview of clay composites and their environmental applications, clay-biochar composites, clay-surfactants composites, organo-clay composites, clay hybrids and enriched clay composites. This book will be useful for beginners, researchers, material scientists and engineers who are interested in applied research of clay-based composites.
Focusing on both the patient's perspective and the neurosurgeon's concerns, Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations: Essentials for Patients and Practitioners, edited by leading experts Drs. Philip E. Stieg, Alexander A. Khalessi, and Michael L. J. Apuzzo, starts with an up-to-date approach to the matter of doctor-patient communication and moves on to the highly technical details of AVM treatment options. The first section covers communication with patients (who may well want to read it themselves); the second section is directed to neurosurgeons and other specialists caring for patients with intracranial AVMs, including those in emergency medicine, obstetrics, anesthesia, and intensive car...
Politics as Dashed Hopes in Nigeria details the experiences of the author, who ran a gubernatorial campaign for the Congress for Progressive Change in Kano State, in 2011, with the politics within the Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), leading to the 2011 elections in Nigeria, particularly in Kano State and Nigeria’s presidency. The book reveals the inner workings of the CPC and the intriguing drama that unfolded within its inner caucus discusses the tactical blunders and errors of judgement which were responsible for the party’s unimpressive performance in the 2011 polls in Kano State in particular and the nation at large. These accounts are also the story of the then leader of the CPC, General Muhammadu Buhari, whose image loomed large in the activities of the party; the idea of the existence of a cult-figure in Nigerian politics, versus the concept of due process in political party administration, is, therefore, an issue of paramount interest to the book.
This book reports on the proceeding of the 5th International Conference on Intelligent, Interactive Systems and Applications (IISA 2020), held in Shanghai, China, on September 25–27, 2020. The IISA proceedings, with the latest scientific findings, and methods for solving intriguing problems, are a reference for state-of-the-art works on intelligent and interactive systems. This book covers nine interesting and current topics on different systems’ orientations, including Analytical Systems, Database Management Systems, Electronics Systems, Energy Systems, Intelligent Systems, Network Systems, Optimization Systems, and Pattern Recognition Systems and Applications. The chapters included in this book cover significant recent developments in the field, both in terms of theoretical foundations and their practical application. An important characteristic of the works included here is the novelty of the solution approaches to the most interesting applications of intelligent and interactive systems.
In everydays speaking, the Minangkabau people will angry if someone call them as people 'who don't know the Four'. In their mind just only 'the four leg or animal' do not know the four. This book present that main philosophy of Minangkabaunese, so called "The Four". As one of the ethnic in Indonesia, most of the people who live in West Sumatra are Minangkabau ethnic. Every Minangkabaunese has two lifestyle or lifeland, the first is 'nagari' as a motherland and the second is 'rantau' referring to other land apart from their motherland. The consequence of that adat (philosophy) the Minangs always doing the 'the Two' in their life. They always take care atention to 'son and nephew, 'daughter an...