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Hospital-acquired infections are common and often result in life-threatening complications, mostly facing critically ill patients in the intensive care unit. Patients with hospital-acquired infections may die from bacteremia/fungal/viral infection or hyperinflammatory complications because of an uncontrolled over-activation of the innate immune system with pathological levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines, or from multiorgan failure. In addition to eliciting a robust inflammatory response, it paradoxically renders the host in an immunocompromised state at the late stage of the disease progression. Severe infectious diseases, including sepsis and septic shock are among the most common reasons for death in hospitals. Sepsis is an infection-induced syndrome characterized by a generalized inflammatory state and represents a frequent complication in surgical patients and in immunocompromised patients. Sepsis is a common, expensive, and frequently associated with a fatal outcome. Every 3 to 4 seconds somebody dies with sepsis, and it is one of the leading causes of death worldwide.
PART I MOLECULAR BIOLOGY An Introduction to Molecular Biotechnology Genetic Material DNA Replication and Repair Gene Concept Transcription or Gene Expression Translation PART II GENETICS Regulation of Gene Expression Mendel’s Laws Gene Interaction Linkage and Crossing Over Mutations Bacterial Recombination Transposons Chloroplast and Mitochondrial Genome Organization PART III GENETIC ENGINEERING Gene Cloning Enzymes Used in Genetic Engineering Bacterial Vectors Blotting Techniques Generation of Clones DNA Libraries Polymerase Chain Reaction DNA Synthesis by Chemical Method Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Gene Transfer Methods Application of Recombinant Technology.
This book is designed as a reference book and presents a systematic approach to analyze evolutionary and nature-inspired population-based search algorithms. Beginning with an introduction to optimization methods and algorithms and various enzymes, the book then moves on to provide a unified framework of process optimization for enzymes with various algorithms. The book presents current research on various applications of machine learning and discusses optimization techniques to solve real-life problems. The book compiles the different machine learning models for optimization of process parameters for production of industrially important enzymes. The production and optimization of various enz...
Visible Light-Driven Organic Synthesis covers the recent cutting-edge investigations in the field of visible light– driven organic synthesis in a single comprehensive volume. It provides information on rigorously selected reaction schemes and covers new reactions and new methods under visible light photocatalysis. It enlists more than 100 important synthetic strategies/methodologies with particular emphasis on useful reactions for organic synthesis under the mild reaction conditions reported in recent times involving carbon–carbon (C–C) and carbon–heteroatom bond–forming reactions, resulting in a wide spectrum of chemical compounds, providing an outstanding source of information co...
Antiviral and Antimicrobial Smart Coatings: Fundamentals and Applications provides a critical analysis of all types of smart antiviral and antimicrobial coatings currently being researched. The book opens with a discussion of the microbial and viral pathogens, including how to identify them and their interaction with surfaces. The next three sections look at the concept of smart coatings, specifically antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral smart coatings, types, effects, and applications. The book concludes by discussing the methods and standards for characterization of coatings and then presents several real world case studies. A valuable resource for those working in the smart coatings field. Introduces the concepts of smart coatings and the synthesis, characterization, and classification Provides insights into the pros and cons of established processes and thereby provides guidance on how to select the appropriate techniques for specific applications Discusses the process of applying smart antimicrobial and antiviral coatings on various surfaces Presents the methods for characterization of smart and multifunctional coatings
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/mTOR pathway integrates signals from growth factors with nutrient signals and other conditions and controls multiple cell responses, including proliferation, survival and metabolism. Deregulation of the PI3K pathway has been extensively investigated in connection to cancer. Somatic or inherited mutations frequently occur in tumor suppressor genes (PTEN, TSC1/2, LKB1) and oncogenes (PIK3CA, PIK3R1, AKT) in the PI3K/mTOR pathway. The fact that the PI3K/mTOR pathway is deregulated in a large number of human malignancies, and its importance for different cellular responses, makes it an attractive drug target. Pharmacological PI3K inhibitors have played a ...
Volume III includes more selections of articles that have initiated fundamental changes in statistical methodology. It contains articles published before 1980 that were overlooked in the previous two volumes plus articles from the 1980's - all of them chosen after consulting many of today's leading statisticians.
"Handbook of Marine Natural Products" takes a fresh approach to describing the major themes of research in this rapidly developing field. This two volume reference work begins with a section that provides a taxonomic survey of the secondary metabolites of diverse marine life including microbes, algae, and invertebrates. This is followed by a demonstration of the techniques and strategies employed in modern structure elucidation of complex natural products. The natural roles of marine natural products are then explored in a series of focused chapters which include the topics of symbiosis, anti-predation and antifouling, chemical interactions, and defence against UV stress. Various routes whic...
The book is a compilation of selected papers from 2020 International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ICEEE 2020) held in National Power Training Institute HQ (Govt. of India) on February 21 – 22, 2020. The work focuses on the current development in the fields of electrical and electronics engineering like power generation, transmission and distribution, renewable energy sources and technology, power electronics and applications, robotics, artificial intelligence and IoT, control, and automation and instrumentation, electronics devices, circuits and systems, wireless and optical communication, RF and microwaves, VLSI, and signal processing. The book is beneficial for readers from both academia and industry.