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Solitude is the state of being alone or isolated from others. It is often a voluntary choice for meditation, introspection, reflection, or simply enjoying one’s own company. Solitude can be peaceful and conducive to deep thinking or creativity, contrasting with loneliness, which implies a negative feeling of being alone and disconnected. This book investigates the types of solitude in twelve modern short stories written by authors of different nationalities, races, and genders. It also explores how the setting boosts the state of solitude of each character. There are different manifestations of solitude and the solitary character: a person living among other people, refusing to be part of them, unwilling to be part of them, or being refused and rejected to be part of them. This character is a child, a teenager, a man (or an abnormal, freakish man) or a woman of sorrow, a recipient of much unbearable pain.
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The classic anthology of poetry for children--now revised with new poems to enchant a new generation.
Teachers often complain that students find poetry difficult and intimidating. Some undergraduate students arrive at university with little or no interest in poetry. They confess that they do not know how to read it and therefore cannot understand or appreciate it. The distinctive features of poetry create some problems for the learner of English language, yet, if taught properly, poetry can be an effective tool in urging students to learn the language.
Literary personification has long been taken for granted as an important aspect of Western narrative; Paul de Man has given it still greater prominence as 'the master trope of poetic discourse'. James Paxson here offers a much-needed critical and theoretical appraisal of personification in the light of poststructuralist thought and theory. The poetics of personification provides a historical reassessment of early theories, together with a sustained account of how literary personification works through an examination of narratological and semiotic codes and structures in the allegorical texts of Prudentius, Chaucer, Langland and Spenser. The device turns out to be anything but an aberration, oddity or barbarism, from ancient, medieval or early modern literature. Rather, it works as a complex artistic tool for revealing and advertising the problems and limits inherent in narration in particular and poetic or verbal creation in general.
A groundbreaking collection of essays on a hitherto underexplored subject that challenges the existing stereotypical views of the trivial and innocent nature of children's culture, this work reveals for the first time the artistic and complex interactions among children. Based on research of scholars from such diverse fields as American studies, anthropology, education, folklore, psychology, and sociology, this volume represents a radical new attempt to redefine and reinterpret the expressive behaviors of children. The book is divided into four major sections: history, methodology, genres, and setting, with a concluding chapter on theory. Each section is introduced by an overview by Brian Sutton-Smith. The accompanying bibliography lists historical references through the present, representing works by scholars for over 100 years.
Describes authors, works, and literary terms from all eras and all parts of the world.
Issues in Materials Development provides readers with theoretical foundations and practical aspects of designing materials for EFL/ESL contexts. It starts with discussing some basic and preliminary principles of materials design followed by scrutinizing critical issues in materials development in an objective and systematic way. This ranges from considering learners’ needs, adopting, adapting, selection, and gradation of materials to the specific focus of the book on developing various types of materials for the four language skills, pronunciation, ESP vocabulary, and computer assisted language learning materials. Authenticity of materials to be designed and the inclusion of affective factors to develop motivating materials to engage language learners, in addition to features of materials design at a universal level are other areas to read about. This book finally tries to open new horizons and possible futuristic approaches to improve today’s ELT materials.
Providing a study of the Mawlid or celebration of the Prophet Muhammad's birthday from its origins to the present day, this book is an important contribution to our understanding of contemporary Muslim devotional practices.
The best-selling Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms (formerly the Concise dictionary) provides clear, concise, and often witty definitions of the most troublesome literary terms from abjection to zeugma. It is an essential reference tool for students of literature in any language. It is now available in a new and expanded edition and includes increased coverage of new terms from modern critical and theoretical movements, such as feminism, and schools of American poetry, Spanish verse forms, life writing, and crime fiction. It includes extensive coverage of traditional drama, versification, rhetoric, and literary history, as well as updated and extended advice on recommended further reading and a pronunciation guide to more than 200 terms. New to this edition are recommended entry-level web links updated via the Dictionary of Literary Terms companion website.