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Cardiovascular diseases and their associated risk conditions including dyslipidemia, hypertension and diabetes are one of the main health issues worldwide. The mechanisms underlying cardiovascular disorders are complex and multifactorial including oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction as well as modulating the activities of several kinases and phosphatases. Importantly, pharmacotherapies available for the management of these diseases are considered insufficient and show several limitations and side effects especially in high risk patients. Nutraceuticals are bioactive food components or phytochemicals that provide benefits including the prevention or treatment of several diseases. Nutraceuticals such as flavonoids, vitamins and other natural substances have shown pleiotropic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Single-cell OMICs analyses have recently become one of the most promising tools to probe biology at the cellular level, in large part due to its ability to address issues beyond the bulk analysis – a window into cellular heterogeneity. The ability to profile transcriptomic, epigenomic, proteomics, and metabolomics at the single cell level including more recently the spatial information has enhanced our ability to understand interactions between biomolecules in different contexts leading to the discovery of specific cellular subpopulations as well as biological mechanisms underlying pathologies which may be amenable to therapeutic interventions. The scale and availability of a variety of technologies to measure intricate molecular details have provided an impetus to research in many disease areas, including cardiovascular medicine.
The COVID-19 pandemic hit the world at end of 2019. More than a year after, the world is still struggling with three million deaths. From our early experience, we suggested that COVID-19 disease is a vascular disease and that the lung is probably more sensitive than other organs. This hypothesis led us to introduce in April 2020 the acronym “AVDS” for Acute Vascular Distress Syndrome. This acronym seems to be more appropriate for COVID-19 than the usual ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) acronym. At the lung level, the disease seems to be characterized, at any stage, by an increased pulmonary blood flow with an intrapulmonary right-to-left shunt. At the cellular level, vascular e...
Cardiac biomarkers such as troponins and natiuretic peptides have made a great impact on clinical decision making as well as improving our understanding of molecular mechanisms of different disease conditions. However, the biomarkers that are currently in use do not reflect all the multiple disease pathways that are involved in a broad spectrum of cardiac disease conditions ranging from acute coronary syndrome, to heart failure (and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, HFpEF), to pulmonary hypertension or arrhythmias. In this Special Issue, we will provide an overview of the current developments in the field of biomarker research, beginning with research on molecular pathways and cellular communication (e.g., microRNA) up to the clinical use of biomarkers.
Get a quick, expert overview of the ways in which biomarkers can be used to assess and guide the management of cardiovascular disease in the clinical setting. This concise, clinically-focused resource by Dr. Vijay Nambi consolidates today's available information on this rapidly changing topic into one convenient resource, making it an ideal, easy-to-digest reference for cardiology practitioners, fellows, and residents. - Covers lab standards and statistical interpretation of biomarkers with a clinical focus. - Discusses relevant conditions such as hypertension and diabetes as key markers of injury and prognosis. - Includes current information on biomarkers to assess and guide the management of heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, chest pain, shortness of breath, and more. - Concludes the book with a timely chapter on how biomarkers may guide cardiologists in the future.
The papers included in this issue vary from research on pregnancy outcomes to screening and diagnosis of GDM, the use of new biomarkers, and the evaluation of long-term metabolic risk and intervention strategies postpartum in mothers and offspring.
This book will consider several clinical and interventional topics for which there is uncertainty, continued debate and/or no consensus based on current guidelines. While there are numerous guidelines in cardiology, new and on-going trials that address new drugs treatments and procedures raise many unanswered questions. Furthermore, most practicing cardiologist taking care of the patients are likely unable to digest all of these studies or guidelines and necessarily correctly apply them to their patients. If one considers in the guidelines the frequent use of Level C (consensus), there are many areas or situations where no trial exists. Also, when applying the results of a trial to an individual patient, there can be uncertainty of how this patient should be managed based on the present body of evidence.
Nano/micro-size particles are widely applied in various fields. Among the various particles, silver particles are considered among the most prominent nanomaterials in the biomedical and industrial sectors because of their favorable physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Thus, numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate their properties and utilize them in various applications, such as diagnostics, anti-bacterial and anti-cancer therapeutics, and optoelectronics. The properties of silver particles are strongly influenced by their size, morphological shape, and surface characteristics, which can be modified by diverse synthetic methods, reducing agents, and stabilizers. This ...