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Sigmund Freud was a trained neuroanatomist and wrote his first psychoanalytical theory in neuroscientific terms. Throughout his life, he maintained the belief that at some distant day in the future, all psychoanalytic processes could be tied to a neural basis: "We must recollect that all of our provisional ideas in psychology will presumably one day be based on an organic substructure" (Freud 1914, On Narcissism: An Introduction). Fundamental Freudian concepts reveal their foundation in the physiological science of his time, most importantly among them the concept of libidinous energy and the homeostatic "principle of constancy". However, the subsequent history of psychoanalysis and neurosci...
This book offers the first, comprehensive guide to planning and conducting intracranial EEG studies, and analyzing intracranial EEG data. The chapters address core questions in the field of intracranial EEG research. They are written by internationally recognized experts in the domain of intracranial EEG and acknowledge the heterogeneity of approaches in this field. The particular format of the book allows readers to find clear guidelines, hands-on expertise and invaluable background information for planning and conducting state-of-the-art intracranial EEG research projects. Besides offering a reference guide to newcomers in the field, it also provides scholarly information for the more expe...
Starting with a summary of the history of Artificial Intelligence, this book makes the bridge to the modern debate on the definition of Intelligence and the path to building Intelligent Machines. Since the definition of Intelligence is itself subject to open debate, the quest for Intelligent machines is pursuing a moving target. Apparently, intelligent behaviour is, to a great extent, the result of using a sophisticated associative memory, more than the result of heavy processing. The book describes theories on how the brain works, associative memory models and how a particular model - the Sparse Distributed Memory (SDM) - can be used to navigate a robot based on visual memories. Other robot navigation methods are also comprehensively revised and compared to the method proposed. The performance of the SDM-based robot has been tested in different typical problems, such as illumination changes, occlusions and image noise, taking the SDM to the limits. The results are extensively discussed in the book.
The human brain is arguably the most complex system we know of. Over the past few decades, scientists have developed several methods and theories for studying the functional organization of the brain, and how cognitive/perceptual/emotional processes might arise from the brain's electro-chemical-computational dynamics. These methods facilitated and inspired large literatures on brain-behavior links, and yet there remains a seemingly endless chasm between our simple impoverished models and the unfathomable complexity of the human brain. The purpose of this Research Topic is to ask the question: Are we thinking about thinking about the brain in the right way? In most scientific publications, re...
Epilepsy is one of the most common potentially serious disorders of the brain, and patients often suffer from memory problems. This book comprehensively reviews all aspects of the relationship between this common and potentially serious neurological disorder and memory, one of the core functions of the human mind.
Brain functions are realized by the activity of neuronal networks composed of a huge number of neurons. The efficiency of information transfer within the networks is changeable. Even the networks themselves can change through experience. Information transfer between neurons is performed at the synapse (the site of the neurons’ contact) by release of neurotransmitters from the pre-synaptic cell and capture of neurotransmitters by the post-synaptic cell. The amount of released neurotransmitter or the efficacy of capture can change. Moreover, synapses are found to be newly formed upon activity or abandoned upon inactivity. These changes are called "synaptic plasticity". This text focuses on one component of synaptic plasticity called transsynaptic signaling, or communication of synapses during their formation.
Today human beings are living more in the parallel world known as the “Digital World” or the “Virtual World”. This computer-based online community environment has no doubt its incredible benefits and advantages, not even dreamt of by our preceding generations. At the same time, it has also the frightening potential to make human beings mentally sick, and isolated, and suppress all those healthy elements which make human beings human. Today, it is a fact that this digital or virtual world is something which cannot be done away with. This being so, the only option left to us is to develop the art or skill of using it intelligently, without endangering the mental and physical well-being of the individual and the society. How to handle this “digital distraction” caused by “digital slavery” is the focus of this book, the importance of which doesn’t need to be emphasised. The book endeavours to address this important issue from various angles, through articles written by experts and thinkers from various backgrounds. Published by Advaita Ashrama, a branch of Ramakrishna Math, Belur Math, India.
This book involves the design, analysis, and application of various cognitive predictive maintenance tests with the help of tools like vibration analysis, ultrasonic analysis, infrared analysis, oil analysis, laser-shaft alignment, and motor circuit analysis in the prediction of various cognitive diseases such as epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and depression. These are needed since there are no proper medical tests available to predict these diseases in remote areas at an early stage. Various emerging technologies are analyzed for the design of tests. Key features: Incorporates innovative processes for treating cognitive diseases. Early and exact identification and t...
Why Sámi Sing is an anthropological inquiry into a singing practice found among the Indigenous Sámi people, living in the northernmost part of Europe. It inquires how the performance of melodies, with or without lyrics, may be a way of altering perception, relating to human and non-human presences, or engaging with the past. According to its practitioners, the Sámi "yoik" is more than a musical repertoire made up by humans: it is a vocal power received from the environment, one that reveals its possibilities with parsimony through practice and experience. Following the propensity of Sámi singers to take melodies seriously and experiment with them, this book establishes a conversation between Indigenous and Western epistemologies and introduces the "yoik" as a way of knowing in its own right, with both convergences and divergences vis-à-vis academic ways of knowing. It will be of particular interest to scholars of anthropology, ethnomusicology, and Indigenous studies.
Darlison’s excellent work reviews aspects of GABA-A receptor function, as well as the properties of a variety of other important inhibitory proteins, such as GABA-C receptors and G-protein coupled receptors including neuropeptides. Glycine receptors and potassium channels are covered too. The consequences of mutations that disrupt the regulation of excitatory neurotransmission, and efforts to target the GABAergic system for therapeutic benefit, are also discussed.