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EU Policy and Legal Framework for Artificial Intelligence, Robotics and Related Technologies - The AI Act
Artificial Intelligence (AI) can benefit our society and economy, but also brings with it new challenges and raises legal and ethical questions. According to the author of this comprehensive analysis, it is imperative to ensure that AI is developed and applied in an appropriate legal and regulatory framework that promotes innovation and investment and, at the same time, addresses the risks associated with certain uses of AI-related technologies. Essential to understanding the relationship between policy and law, this book traces the evolution of EU policy on artificial intelligence and robotics, focusing in particular on the EU’s ethical framework for AI, which defines trust as a prerequis...
EU Competition Law and Regulation in the Converging Telecommunications, Media and IT Sectors
This book presents the most thoroughgoing model yet offered to ensure the emergence of a genuinely competitive electronic communications industry in Europe. In the course of its in-depth analysis the discussion focuses on such factors as the following: EU telecommunications policy as revealed in liberalization and harmonization legislative measures; the EU electronic communications framework; case law covering issues of refusal to supply and the essential facilities doctrine; application of Article 82 EC to bottlenecks; specific types of an undertakings unilateral behaviour that may often occupy NRAs and competition authorities in the context of their ex post competition law investigations under Article 82 EC; strategic alliances and mergers in the move toward multimedia; access to premium content and the emergence of new media; the scope of content regulation in the online environment; and broadband (regulation of local loop unbundling and bitstream access). The book also provides practical guidance on issues concerning the complicated market definition and analysis mechanism promulgated by the European Commission's Recommendation and Guidelines.
Competition Law
Although it is commonly assumed that consumers benefit from the application of competition law, this is not necessarily always the case. Economic efficiency is paramount; thus, competition law in Europe and antitrust law in the United States are designed primarily to protect business competitors (and in Europe to promote market integration), and it is only incidentally that such law may also serve to protect consumers. That is the essential starting point of this penetrating critique. The author explores the extent to which US antitrust law and EC competition law adequately safeguard consumer interests. Specifically, he shows how the two jurisdictions have gone about evaluating collusive pra...
Adapting the EU Civil Liability Regime to the Digital Age: Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Other Emerging Technologies
This book highlights the challenges that artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, the Internet of Things (IoT), and other emerging digital technologies pose to existing EU and national liability legislation, while also tracing the evolution of the relevant EU policy and legal framework. Recognising that Member States’ current national fault-based liability rules are ill-suited to handle compensation claims for AI-related harm, the book emphasises the difficulty victims face in proving fault and causation due to AI’s unique characteristics, such as autonomy and opacity (“black box” effect). Similarly, the current Product Liability Directive (PLD) has several shortcomings: certain produ...
Making European Merger Policy More Predictable
Making European Merger Policy More Predictable analyses European Merger Control with regard to its capacity to generate predictability among the concerned parties. Starting from the premise that predictability is of overwhelming importance for the functioning of market economies, Voigt and Schmidt ask to what degree European Merger Control has been predictable over the last couple of years. The authors show both theoretically and empirically that there have been serious shortcomings with regard to the predictability of competition policy. They identify the insufficient recognition of the consequences of globalization on the competitive processes as well as an often inconsistent application of economic theory as the root causes for the lack of predictability. The inconsistent application of economic theory is particularly relevant with regard to potential competition and the evaluation of collective dominance. The authors generate a substantial number of proposals that could help to improve predictability. On this basis, Voigt and Schmidt critically assess the recent reforms of European Merger Control.
Introducing Free Markets and Competition to the Electricity Sector in Europe
Changes in EC electricity law are happening with amazing speed, and those changes are greater still when compared with the time required to understand them. This book is designed to provide both coverage and depth in relation to Europe's newly liberalised electricity sector and to the network of rules that govern it.In an exhaustive analysis, this book explains the current law, while taking account of imminent changes and anticipating further developments. Thorough case studies relating to the electricity sectors in France and in England & Wales are also provided for a more concrete understanding. The centrepiece chapter is devoted to reflections concerning the impact which the EC Treaty rul...
EC Competition and Telecommunications Law
This new volume updates the groundbreaking analysis of its first edition in 2002, when the EC common regulatory framework for electronic communications networks and services had just entered into force. So much has changed in the intervening years that that this new edition bears little resemblance to its predecessor, with every chapter either extensively altered or entirely new. It remains, however, the most detailed and comprehensive overview available of the application of the EC Treaty's competition rules in the markets for telecommunications and audiovisual media, and of the applicable regulatory framework. In thirteen chapters, each contributed by one or more noted legal authorities in...
Telecoms and Media
Telecoms and Media, edited by Alexander Brown and Peter Broadhurst of Simmons & Simmons, summarises the main issues related to T&M regulation and policy in a global context including: government policy, WTO Basic Telecommunications Agreement commitments, fixed, mobile and satellite services, radio frequency requirements, next-generation mobile services, authorisation timescales and fees, modification and assignment of licences, radio spectrum assignment, cable networks, local loop access, internet regulation, broadband penetration, interconnection and inter-operator disputes, charges and tariffs, customer terms and conditions, media licensing, content and advertising restrictions, exclusivit...
The Limits of Competition Policy
What the authors offer is a thoroughgoing analysis clearly demonstrating that, whatever economic path developing countries pursue, imposing Western-style antitrust regimes will engender uncertainty, chill economic behaviour, and foster an unhealthy climate for business. They employ the influential error-cost methodology to appraise the performance of competition policy and to show how such a policy creates irresolvable tensions in fragile economies with weak institutions - economies characterized by informal rules of business practice, long-standing symbiotic business-state relationships, and unpredictable state action. They mount a powerful critique of the arguments of neo-institutionalists (who fail to recognize the vulnerable nature of emerging market economies) and competition `advocates' (who presume to stand ready and vigilant to enforce competition policy on state entities). --
