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The Sociobiological Imagination
This book presents reports on the uses of sociobiology and general evolutionary theory by members of diverse disciplines: psychiatry, law, management theory, anthropology, economics, primatology, history, political science, ethical philosophy, cognitive psychology, epistemology, socioecology of religion, studies of conflict, Marxist thought, aesthetics, sociology, linguistics, and psychology. The purpose of the book is threefold — to acknowledge the remarkably wide influence of a central idea; to demonstrate that the research of human sociobiology takes place in disparate fields; and to introduce the major principles of sociobiology. There are many surprises to be found in these pages, not least the psychiatrist's new look at anxiety, the management theorist's explanation for the success of Japanese firms, the Soviet philosopher's report on sociobiology in the U. S. S. R., the explanation given for the keeping of harems in ancient kingdoms, and the economist's view as to why people care if a bargain price is really a fair price — all cast in sociobiological terms.
Social Behavior of Female Vertebrates
Social Behavior of Female Vertebrates focuses on the evolution of reproductive behavior in female vertebrates ranging from fish to birds and humans, including issues of mate choice and other factors underlying female attitudes toward males. It also looks at the evolution of mating systems; the co-evolution of the sexes; sex-role reversal; reproductive competition between females; maternal behavior; and how females enhance the investment received by their offspring from others. It also considers other social behaviors that influence the nature of affiliative associations between females. Organized into three parts encompassing 13 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of behavioral bio...
Peace and War
Is war necessary? In Peace and War prominent anthropologists and other social scientists explore the cultural and social factors leading to war. They analyze the covert causes of war from a cross-cultural perspective: ideologies that dispose people to war; underlying patterns of social relationships that help institutionalize war; and the cultural systems of military establishments. Overt causes of war—environmental factors like the control of scarce resources, advantageous territories, and technologies, or promoting the welfare of people “like” oneself—are also considered. The authors examine anthropologists’ role in policy formation—how their theories on the nature of culture and society help those who deal with global problems on a day-to-day basis. They argue that both covert and overt mechanisms are pushing the world closer to a devastating war and offer strategies to weaken the effects of these mechanisms. This anthropological and historical analysis of the causes of war is a valuable resource for those studying war and those trying to understand the place of social science in framing pacific options.
Child Nurturance
The underlying theme uniting the papers of this volume is the quest for a further understanding of human behavior. The similarities between the behaviors of other primates and humans have captivated us even before a science arose. But what is the justification for making such comparisons? Comparisons, like classifications, can be made on any basis whatever. The aim in making any scientific comparison is the same as doing a classification. That is, one attempts to make the comparison on a "natural" basis. Natural, in this case, means that the comparison reflects processes that occur in nature. The fundamental paradigm for making natural comparisons in biology is based on evolutionary theory. ...
Social Science Methods in the Legal Process
This volume is the first to provide a systematic introduction to the methods of social science for the legal professions and decision-makers in public policy fields. Designed as both a text and a convenient reference, the book provides an understanding of all the elements in the research process and acquaints the reader with the choices that are available in designing and conducting research. A particularly useful feature is each chapter's examination of research cited in specific court or public policy decisions, together with discussion of possible legal applications of various research approaches.
Demography and Evolutionary Ecology of the Hadza Hunter-Gatherers
A detailed study of the Hadza hunter-gatherers, examining ecological and demographical factors impacting upon the population.
The Politics of Egalitarianism
Based on sessions at the May 2001 joint meetings of the Canadian Anthropology Society and American Ethnological Association.
Frederick Taylor and the Public Administration Community
This book argues that the authoritarian depiction of Frederick Taylor trivializes his important contribution. Schachters analysis of Taylors work shows that he actually originated many of the human relations insights that the literature attributes to Mayo, Maslow, and McGregor. Introduced are two major arguments. Through an examination of Taylors work, a new way of understanding his actual approach to management is opened. Also discussed are the political and historical reasons that led to the distortion of his work.
Adaptation and Human Behavior
This volume presents state-of-the-art empirical studies working in a paradigm that has become known as human behavioral ecology. The emergence of this approach in anthropology was marked by publication by Aldine in 1979 of an earlier collection of studies edited by Chagnon and Irons entitled Evolutionary Biology and Human Social Behavior: An Anthropological Perspective. During the two decades that have passed since then, this innovative approach has matured and expanded into new areas that are explored here. The book opens with an introductory chapter by Chagnon and Irons tracing the origins of human behavioral ecology and its subsequent development. Subsequent chapters, written by both youn...
Sex, Power, Conflict : Evolutionary and Feminist Perspectives
Sexual harassment in the workplace, date rape, and domestic violence dominate the headlines and have recently sparked scholarly debates about the nature of the sexes. Concurrently, the scientific community is conducting research in topics of sex and gender issues. Indeed, more research is being done on the topics of sexual conflict and coercion than at any other time in the history of the social sciences. Despite this attention, it is clear that these issues are being addressed from two essentially different perspectives: one is labeled "feminist", while the other, viewed as antithetical to the feminist movement, is called "evolutionary psychology", which emphasizes the history of reproducti...
