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What determines why some countries succeed and others fall behind? Economists have long debated the sources of economic growth, resulting in conflicting and often inaccurate claims about the role of the state, knowledge, patented ideas, monopolies, grand innovation prizes, and the nature of disruptive technologies. B. Zorina Khan's Inventing Ideas overturns conventional thinking and meticulously demonstrates how and why the mechanism design of institutions propels advances in the knowledge economy and ultimately shapes the fate of nations. Drawing on the experiences of over 100,000 inventors and innovations from Britain, France, and the United States during the first and second industrial re...
This essay is the introduction to a book of the same title, forthcoming in summer of 2021 from Oxford University Press. The purpose is to document the ways in which patent systems are products of battles over the economic surplus from innovation. The features of these systems take shape as interests at different points in the production chain seek advantage in any way they can, and consequently, they are riven with imperfections. The interesting historical question is why US-style patent systems with all their imperfections have come to dominate other methods of encouraging inventive activity. The essays in the book suggest that the creation of a tradable but temporary property right facilitates the transfer of technological knowledge and thus fosters a highly productive decentralized ecology of inventors and firms.
In this ambitious new interdisciplinary study, Useche proposes the metaphor of the social foundry to parse how industrialization informed and shaped cultural and national discourses in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Spain. Across a variety of texts, Spanish writers, scientists, educators, and politicians appropriated the new economies of industrial production—particularly its emphasis on the human capacity to transform reality through energy and work—to produce new conceptual frameworks that changed their vision of the future. These influences soon appeared in plans to enhance the nation’s productivity, justify systems of class stratification and labor exploitation, or suggest state organizational improvements. This fresh look at canonical writers such as Emilia Pardo Bazán, Concha Espina, Benito Pérez Galdós, Vicente Blasco Ibáñez, and José Echegaray as well as lesser known authors offers close readings of their work as it reflected the complexity of Spain’s process of modernization.
El nombre de José María Quijano aparece vinculado, indiscutiblemente, con el impulso industrializador iniciado en Cantabria en el último cuarto del siglo XIX. Este licenciado en leyes dedicó sus días a la industria metalúrgica, a partir del aprovechamiento de un viejo molino harinero heredado en la orilla del río Besaya para instalar varias máquinas de fabricar puntas de París. A partir de entonces, la capacidad de producir alambre, primero, y la de elaborar acero, después, suscitaron la ampliación del catálogo de manufacturas derivadas de este preciado hilo de metal, así como un rápido crecimiento de las instalaciones de Forjas de Buelna, en la localidad de Los Corrales. En este recorrido, colmado de avances y de retrocesos, fueron imprescindibles los contactos personales sostenidos dentro y fuera de la provincia y, muy especialmente, la importación de los mayores avances técnicos y tecnológicos europeos. El fallecimiento del fundador, acontecido en 1911, forzó la continuidad familiar de la empresa, coordinada ya en forma de Sociedad Anónima José María Quijano, desde diciembre de 1914.
Contains documents relating to the Conference issued before, during and after the Conference.
The Records of the Conference held in Geneva from May 11 to June 2, 2000, contain the documents issued before, during and after the Conference, as well as indexes to those documents.
This book employs an interdisciplinary approach to analyze innovation in entrepreneurship networks from a European perspective, focusing on the best methods for combining old and new knowledge.