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In recent years, a wide variety of new chemicals have continued to be developed as a result of industrial development and associated anthropogenic activities. The microbial contaminants in the environment, more precisely, antibiotic-resistant genes/bacteria produced as a result of mutation due to antibacterial drugs, are also considered emerging contaminants and specifically called emerging microbial contaminants such as sapoviruses, Waddlia chondrophila and Streptococcus parauberis. Additionally, pharmaceuticals and personal care products are a diverse group of compounds that include ibuprofen, diclofenac, triclosan, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory agents, steroidal hormones and active ingre...
The book Eco-Restoration of the Polluted Environment: A Biological Perspective explores recent advances in biological strategies for the remediation of polluted environments, including soil, water, and air. It covers bioremediation of heavy metals, radioactive waste, and waste gases, which are believed to be bottleneck problems for researchers working in this field. The book contains separate chapters on genetic engineering technology for enhancement of the bioremediation potential of bioresources and the role of biosurfactants, enzymes, and exo-polysaccharides for bioremediation of polluted environments, along with basic aspects of eco-restoration by microorganisms. It summarizes the signif...
Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that employs higher plants for the clean-up of contaminated environments. Basic and applied research have unequivocally demonstrated that selected plant species possess the genetic potential to accumulate, degrade, metabolize and immobilize a wide range of contaminants. The main focus of this volume is on the recent advances of technologies using green plants for remediation of various metals and metalloids. Topics include biomonitoring of heavy metal pollution, amendments of higher uptake of toxic metals, transport of heavy metals in plants, and toxicity mechanisms. Further chapters discuss agro-technological methods for minimizing pollution while improving soil quality, transgenic approaches to heavy metal remediation and present protocols for metal remediation via in vitro root cultures.
This is a comprehensive textbook for upper level undergraduates which discusses the nature of heterogeneous systems in the natural environment. The links between and within the various environmental compartments - air, water, soil - are emphasized. The book describes the chemistry of natural systems, their composition and the processes and reactions that operate within and between the various compartments. Without focusing specifically on pollution, it also discusses ways in which these systems respond to perturbations, either those that are natural or those that are caused by humans. Background material from subjects such as atmospheric science, limnology, and soil science is provided in order to establish a setting for a description of the relevant chemistry. Emphasis is on general principles that can be applied in a variety of circumstances. At the same time, these principles are illustrated with examples taken from around the world. Because of issues of the environment related to every society, care has been taken to relate the subject material to situations in urban and rural areas in both highly industrialized and low-income countries.
This volume represents an excellent description of the hottest topics in the field of phyto- and rhizoremediation. The book shows especially the importance of cooperation between plant and microorganisms, there is practically no phytoremediation without rhizoremediation. Newest approaches based on methods of molecular biology and genetic engineering are described, as well as plant science achievements.
Bioremediation is an eco-friendly, cost-effective and natural technology targeted to remove heavy metals, radionuclides, xenobiotic compounds, organic waste, pesticides etc. from contaminated sites or industrial discharges through biological means. Since this technology is used in in-situ conditions, it does not physically disturb the site unlike conventional methods i.e. chemical or mechanical methods.