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Elections are random events. From individuals deciding whether to vote, to people deciding for whom to vote, to election authorities deciding what to count, the outcomes of competitive democratic elections are rarely known until election day...or beyond. Understanding Elections through Statistics: Polling, Prediction, and Testing explores this random phenomenon from two points of view: predicting the election outcome using opinion polls and testing the election outcome using government-reported data. Written for those with only a brief introduction to statistics, this book takes you on a statistical journey from how polls are taken to how they can—and should—be used to estimate current p...
This book highlights the principles of psychological assessment to help researchers and clinicians better develop, evaluate, administer, score, integrate, and interpret psychological assessments. It discusses psychometrics (reliability and validity), the assessment of various psychological domains (behavior, personality, intellectual functioning), various measurement methods (e.g., questionnaires, observations, interviews, biopsychological assessments, performance-based assessments), and emerging analytical frameworks to evaluate and improve assessment including: generalizability theory, structural equation modeling, item response theory, and signal detection theory. The text also discusses ethics, test bias, and cultural and individual diversity. Key Features Gives analysis examples using free software Helps readers apply principles to research and practice Provides text, analysis code/syntax, R output, figures, and interpretations integrated to guide readers Uses the freely available petersenlab package for R Principles of Psychological Assessment: With Applied Examples in R is intended for use by graduate students, faculty, researchers, and practicing psychologists.
This book focuses on a span of statistical topics relevant to researchers who seek to conduct person-specific analysis of human data. Our purpose is to provide one consolidated resource that includes techniques from disciplines such as engineering, physics, statistics, and quantitative psychology and outlines their application to data often seen in human research. The book balances mathematical concepts with information needed for using these statistical approaches in applied settings, such as interpretative caveats and issues to consider when selecting an approach. The statistical topics covered here include foundational material as well as state-of-the-art methods. These analytic approache...
Crime mapping and analysis sit at the intersection of geocomputation, data visualisation and cartography, spatial statistics, environmental criminology, and crime analysis. This book brings together relevant knowledge from these fields into a practical, hands-on guide, providing a useful introduction and reference material for topics in crime mapping, the geography of crime, environmental criminology, and crime analysis. It can be used by students, practitioners, and academics alike, whether to develop a university course, to support further training and development, or to hone skills in self-teaching R and crime mapping and spatial data analysis. It is not an advanced statistics textbook, b...
An Introduction to the Rasch Model with Examples in R offers a clear, comprehensive introduction to the Rasch model along with practical examples in the free, open-source software R. It is accessible for readers without a background in psychometrics or statistics, while also providing detailed explanations of the relevant mathematical and statistical concepts for readers who want to gain a deeper understanding. Its worked examples in R demonstrate how to apply the methods to real-world examples and how to interpret the resulting output. In addition to motivating and presenting the Rasch model, the book covers different methods for parameter estimation and for assessing fit and differential i...
This book covers the computational aspects of psychometric methods involved in developing measurement instruments and analyzing measurement data in social sciences. It covers the main topics of psychometrics such as validity, reliability, item analysis, item response theory models, and computerized adaptive testing. The computational aspects comprise the statistical theory and models, comparison of estimation methods and algorithms, as well as an implementation with practical data examples in R and also in an interactive ShinyItemAnalysis application. Key Features: Statistical models and estimation methods involved in psychometric research Includes reproducible R code and examples with real datasets Interactive implementation in ShinyItemAnalysis application The book is targeted toward a wide range of researchers in the field of educational, psychological, and health-related measurements. It is also intended for those developing measurement instruments and for those collecting and analyzing data from behavioral measurements, who are searching for a deeper understanding of underlying models and further development of their analytical skills.
Regression Analysis in R: A Comprehensive View for the Social Sciences covers the basic applications of multiple linear regression all the way through to more complex regression applications and extensions. Written for graduate level students of social science disciplines this book walks readers through bivariate correlation giving them a solid framework from which to expand into more complicated regression models. Concepts are demonstrated using R software and real data examples. Key Features: Full output examples complete with interpretation Full syntax examples to help teach R code Appendix explaining basic R functions Methods for multilevel data that are often included in basic regression texts End of Chapter Comprehension Exercises
Modern Applied Regressions creates an intricate and colorful mural with mosaics of categorical and limited response variable (CLRV) models using both Bayesian and Frequentist approaches. Written for graduate students, junior researchers, and quantitative analysts in behavioral, health, and social sciences, this text provides details for doing Bayesian and frequentist data analysis of CLRV models. Each chapter can be read and studied separately with R coding snippets and template interpretation for easy replication. Along with the doing part, the text provides basic and accessible statistical theories behind these models and uses a narrative style to recount their origins and evolution. This ...
Generalized Kernel Equating is a comprehensive guide for statisticians, psychometricians, and educational researchers aiming to master test score equating. This book introduces the Generalized Kernel Equating (GKE) framework, providing the necessary tools and methodologies for accurate and fair score comparisons. The book presents test score equating as a statistical problem and covers all commonly used data collection designs. It details the five steps of the GKE framework: presmoothing, estimating score probabilities, continuization, equating transformation, and evaluating the equating transformation. Various presmoothing strategies are explored, including log-linear models, item response ...
This book provides a unifying structure for the activities that fall under the process typically called "standard setting" on tests of proficiency. Standard setting refers to the methodology used to identify performance standards on tests of proficiency. The results from standard setting studies are critical for supporting the use of many types of tests. The process is frequently applied to educational, psychological, licensure/certification, and other types of tests and examination systems. The literature on procedures for standard setting is extensive, but the methodology for standard setting has evolved in a haphazard way over many decades without a unifying theory to support the evaluati...