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The ability of pathogens, such as parasites, bacteria, fungi and viruses to invade, persist and adapt in both invertebrate and vertebrate hosts is multifactorial and depends on both pathogen and host fitness. Communication between a pathogen and its host relies on a wide and dynamic array of molecular interactions. Through this constant communication most pathogens evolved to be relatively benign, whereas killing of its host by a pathogen represents a failure to adapt. Pathogens are lethal to their host when their interaction has not been long enough for adaptation. Evolution has selected conserved immune receptors that recognize signature patterns of pathogens as non-self elements and initi...
Abstract: ISG15 is an interferon-stimulated, ubiquitin-like protein, with anti-viral and anti-bacterial activity. Here, we map the endogenous in vivo ISGylome in the liver following Listeria monocytogenes infection by combining murine models of reduced or enhanced ISGylation with quantitative proteomics. Our method identifies 930 ISG15 sites in 434 proteins and also detects changes in the host ubiquitylome. The ISGylated targets are enriched in proteins which alter cellular metabolic processes, including upstream modulators of the catabolic and antibacterial pathway of autophagy. Computational analysis of substrate structures reveals that a number of ISG15 modifications occur at catalytic sites or dimerization interfaces of enzymes. Finally, we demonstrate that animals and cells with enhanced ISGylation have increased basal and infection-induced autophagy through the modification of mTOR, WIPI2, AMBRA1, and RAB7. Taken together, these findings ascribe a role of ISGylation to temporally reprogram organismal metabolism following infection through direct modification of a subset of enzymes in the liver
Les propriétés biologiques des organismes « microbiens » (bactéries, archées et leurs virus), objets d’étude de la microbiologie, sont au centre d’un éventail d’activités humaines depuis les applications industrielles jusqu’aux bio- et nanotechnologies. La microbiologie est également partie prenante des différents secteurs de la sauvegarde de l’environnement. Enfin, les approches génomiques et métagénomiques ont révélé la place essentielle, voire primordiale des micro-organismes dans l’ensemble du monde vivant. Cet ouvrage en deux couleurs présente les aspects fondamentaux de la structure, de la physiologie et de la biologie moléculaire des organismes appartenant aux domaines des bactéries, des archées et de leurs virus ainsi que les méthodologies d’études de la microbiologie. Des encarts sur les aspects historiques de la microbiologie et ses applications biomédicales et industrielles ponctuent le cours. Des ressources numériques téléchargeables sur le site dunod.com complètent l'ouvrage (photographies, schémas, vidéos).
International Review of Cell & Molecular Biology presents current advances and comprehensive reviews in cell biology—both plant and animal. Articles address structure and control of gene expression, nucleocytoplasmic interactions, control of cell development and differentiation and cell transformation and growth. Authored by some of the foremost scientists in the field Provides up-to-date information and directions for future research Valuable reference material for advanced undergraduates, graduate students and professional scientists
This history of mankind's battles against infectious diseases looks at how epidemics shaped empires and economies and how medical revolutions freed us from these cycles until new threats arose caused by changes in global trade and climate.
The revised Third Edition of The Prokaryotes, acclaimed as a classic reference in the field, offers new and updated articles by experts from around the world on taxa of relevance to medicine, ecology and industry. Entries combine phylogenetic and systematic data with insights into genetics, physiology and application. Existing entries have been revised to incorporate rapid progress and technological innovation. The new edition improves on the lucid presentation, logical layout and abundance of illustrations that readers rely on, adding color illustration throughout. Expanded to seven volumes in its print form, the new edition adds a new, searchable online version.
LA TUBERCULOSE ET LA LEPRE DEMEURENT PARMI LES MALADIES HUMAINES LES PLUS DEVASTATRICES ET LES PLUS REDOUTEES. L'IDENTIFICATION DE NOUVELLES CIBLES THERAPEUTIQUES NECESSITE LA COMPREHENSION DE LA PHYSIOPATHOLOGIE DES MYCOBACTERIOSES. LORS DE L'INFECTION, LA SURVIE DES BACTERIES PATHOGENES EST CONDITIONNEE PAR LEUR CAPACITE A S'ADAPTER AUX STRESS ENVIRONNEMENTAUX RENCONTRES, TELS QUE LA CARENCE MARTIALE ET LE STRESS OXYDATIF. EN REPONSE A CES MECANISMES DE DEFENSE DE L'HOTE, LES BACTERIES PRODUISENT DES SYSTEMES D'ACQUISITION DU FER ET DE PROTECTION CONTRE LES DERIVES ACTIFS DE L'OXYGENE HAUTEMENT REGULES. CE TRAVAIL REPRESENTE LA PREMIERE ETAPE VERS LA CARACTERISATION DES MECANISMES DE REGUL...