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Our knowledge of the limnology of the waters situated, roughly, between the tropics of cancer and of capricorn, has depended for a long time on the expedition-approach, and therefore developed in a rather irregular, haphazard way, with the personal incentive of a small number of individuals as the main driving force. Things slowly started to change in the 1950s, and at an accelerating rate in the 1960s and 1970s. The IBP, and later the SCOPE and MAB programs, whatever their shortcomings are or may have been, promoted in-depth research of a small number of tropical lakes. For one thing, they showed the need for the creation of in situ limnological research institutes. When, in the 1970s, limn...
Capitalism is historically pervasive. Despite attempts through the centuries to suppress or control the private ownership of commercial assets, production and trade for profit has survived and, ultimately, flourished. Against this backdrop, accounting provides a fundamental insight: the ‘value’ of physical and intangible capital assets that are used in production is identically equal to the sum of the debt liabilities and equity capital that are used to finance those assets. In modern times, this appears as the balance sheet relationship. In determining the ‘value’ of items on the balance sheet, equity capital appears as a residual calculated as the difference between the ‘value’...
To Make A Spotless Orange is the story of science with a mission: the use of organisms to attack pests. Few states showed very little interest after the first commercial pesticides appeared in the late nineteenth century. In california alone, entomologists persevered in developing both the theory and practice of biological control. These entomologists were neither environmentalists nor health crusaders, but scientist s who believed that their method would be the cheapest and most effective in the long run.
Comment un Parti socialiste, marxiste, urbain et ouvrier, théoriquement partisan de la propriété collective peut-il s'imposer sur la scène politique française, à une période où la paysannerie et le monde rural forment encore la partie majoritaire de la population et de l'électorat, où les petites exploitations agricoles semblent sortir renforcées du premier conflit mondial et alors que triomphe l'idéologie agrarienne qui fait du paysan le pilier et l'essence de la nation ? C'est à cette question que s'attache cet ouvrage, en dressant une vaste fresque des liens entre paysannerie et politique durant l'entre-deux-guerres, opérant une relecture nécessaire de quelques grands évé...