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The kaleidoscopic political changes during the years covered by this volume include the rise and fall of the Crusader states, the expansion of the Mongol empire, the rise of the Mamluk sultanate and of its ultimate conquerors, the Ottomans. To all of these Professor Holt is a clear and skilful guide. He principally utilises, and to some extent reinterprets, the medieval Arabic sources, to present a picture which differs in important respects from the conventional western-orientated view.
Why are we so ambivalent about alcohol? Are we torn between our love of a drink and the need to restrict, or even prohibit, alcohol? How did saloon culture arise in the United States? Why did wine become such a ubiquitous part of French culture?Alcohol: A Social and Cultural History examines these questions and many more as it considers how drink has evolved in its functions and uses from the late Middle Ages to the present day in the West. Alcohol has long played an important role in societies throughout history, and understanding its consumption can reveal a great deal about a culture. This book discusses a range of issues, including domestic versus recreational use, the history of alcoholism, and the relationship between alcohol and violence, religion, sexuality, and medicine. It looks at how certain forms of alcohol speak about class, gender and place.Drawing on examples from Europe, North America and Australia, this book provides an overview of the many roles alcohol has played over the past five centuries.
Chapter five THE FRANKISH STATES AND THE LATER AYYUBIDS -- The Ayyubid realm and the Latin kingdom -- The Fifth Crusade: 1217-21 -- The Crusade of Frederick II: 1228-9 -- The Crusade of Theobald of Champagne and Richard of Cornwall: 1239-41 -- The Crusade of St Louis of France: 1248-50 -- The aftermath -- chapter six THE FRANKISH STATES AND THE EARLY MAMLUK SULTANS -- The extension of Mamluk rule to Syria -- The sultanate of Baybars -- The sultanate of Qalāwūn -- CONCLUSION -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- INDEX OF PERSONS -- INDEX OF PLACES
This is the 2005 second edition of a comprehensive study of the French wars of religion.
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This textbook reflects its authors' experiences both as faculty members who have taught the introductory psychology course several dozen times, and, earlier, as students whose own interest in psychology was sparked by instructors who brought the introductory course to life. The text's flexible organizing framework (Levels of Analysis), depth of research, emphasis on critical thinking, and engaging writing help instructors convey the expanse and excitement of the field of psychology, while maintaining scientific rigor. The new third edition features a separate chapter on intelligence, chapter reorganizations, and updated research throughout.
Being a hero bothers Jason Derry. It's easy to get maladjusted when your mom's a suburban housewife and your dad's the Supreme Being. It can be a real drag slaying monsters and retrieving golden fleeces from fire-spitting dragons, and then having to tidy your room before you can watch Star Trek. But it's not the relentless tedium of imperishable glory that finally brings Jason to the end of his rope; it's something so funny that it's got to be taken seriously. Deadly seriously.
Bill Shankly was one of ten children from an Ayrshire mining village. Alex Ferguson was a shipyard worker's son who went on to become a toolmaker's shop steward. Both of them enjoyed distinguished but not outstanding playing careers. This dual biography takes two of football's greats and shows what made both men tick.