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This 2001 book provides hands-on details of several important techniques for the study of liquid crystals.
This is a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art computational methods based on orbital-free formulation of density functional theory completed by the most recent developments concerning the exact properties, approximations, and interpretations of the relevant quantities in density functional theory.The book is a compilation of contributions stemming from a series of workshops which had been taking place since 2002. It not only chronicles many of the latest developments but also summarises some of the more significant ones. The chapters are mainly reviews of sub-domains but also include original research.
The existence of liquid crystals has been known for nearly a centu ry; yet it is only in the last ten years that their unique optical, electri cal, electro-optic, and thermal properties have been exploited to any significant extent in such technological applications as digital d~ plays and thermography. Digital watches equipped with liquid-crys tal displays (LCD's) have recently made their debut in the electronic watch market, and the large-scale use of LCD's in a variety of other applications requiring reliable, low-power digital displays is immi nent. There is good reason to believe that liquid crystals will be the first electro-optic materials to find widespread commercial use. Apart from...
This book is a collection of papers on a fundamentally new concept in physics — the photon's magnetic field, Bπ. It discusses various applications of Bπ to predict the existence of new magneto-optic phenomena and to reinterpret some of the fundamentals of optics in terms of Bπ of the photon. One of these new phenomena, optical NMR spectroscopy, has already been verified experimentally, leading to a new analytical technique of widespread potential utility.
This is a new and greatly revised edition of Professor Chandrasekhar's classic book Liquid Crystals, first published in 1977. The subject of liquid crystals has grown into an exciting interdisciplinary research field with important practical applications. This book presents a systematic and self-contained treatment of the physics of the different types of thermotropic liquid crystals - the three classical types, nematic, cholesteric and smectic, and the newly discovered discotic type. Included is a description of the structures of these four main types and their polymorphic modifications, their thermodynamical, optical and mechanical properties and their behaviour under external fields. The basic principles underlying the major applications of liquid crystals in display technology and in thermography are also discussed. This book will be of great value to advanced students and researchers in condensed matter physics, chemical physics, materials science and technology with an interest in the physics, chemistry and applications of liquid crystals.
Annotation Beginning with a concise review of the physics and chemistry of polymers and their structure and morphology, this book goes on to describe and explain the common methods of characterizing polymers, including optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, among others. Also covered are the characterization and modification of such surface properties as adhesion, wetting, tribology, and surface thermodynamics.
The central theme, which threads through the entire book, concerns computational modeling methods for water. Modeling results for pure liquid water, water near ions, water at interfaces, water in biological microsystems, and water under other types of perturbations such as laser fields are described. Connections are made throughout the book with statistical mechanical theoretical methods on the one hand and with experimental data on the other. The book is expected to be useful not only for theorists and computer analysts interested in the physical, chemical, biological and geophysical aspects of water, but also for experimentalists in these fields.
This first volume of this two-volume set deals with the important recent discovery of the photomagneton of electromagnetic radiation, a discovery which is fundamental in quantum field theory and in quantum mechanics in matter. The photomagneton is the elementary quantum of magnetic flux density carried by the individual photon in free space, and is generated directly by the intrinsic angular momentum of the free photon. The volume develops the theory of the photomagneton in a series of papers, which cover all the major aspects of the theory, from classical electrodynamics to the relativistic quantum field. Several suggestions are given for experimental tests, and the available experimental evidence is discussed in detail. The overall conclusion of the series of papers is that the photomagneton, which is observable experimentally in magneto-optical phenomena, indicates the presence in free space of a novel, longitudinal, magnetic flux density, linked ineluctably to the usual transverse components. If the photomagneton is not observed, then a paradox would have emerged at the most fundamental electrodynamical level, necessitating a modification of the Maxwell equations themselves.
The papers collected in this volume in honor of the late Stanisław Kielich cover an impressive range of modern subjects in molecular science. These subjects include, among others, the nonlinear optics of molecules, new approaches to the electronic structure of large molecules, the properties of carbon nanotubes, fluorescence polarization spectroscopy, computational studies of systems of fundamental interest to collision-induced spectroscopy, the simulation of fluids, NLO materials, chemical bonding in complex molecules, the NLO properties of functionalized DNA and the magnetic properties of molecular assemblies. Written by eminent specialists, the papers should offer valuable guidance to a wide community of graduate students and researchers.