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Role of CD1- and MR1-restricted T cells in Immunity and Disease
CD1 and MR1 are major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related proteins that bind and present non-peptide antigens to subsets of T cells with specialized functions. CD1 proteins typically present lipid antigens to CD1-restricted T cells, whereas MR1 presents vitamin B-based ligands and a variety of drugs and drug-like molecules to MR1-restricted T cells. The CD1 family of antigen presenting molecules has been divided into two groups: Group 1 contains CD1a, CD1b and CD1c, and Group 2 contains CD1d. Additionally, CD1e is expressed intracellularly and is involved in the loading of lipid antigens onto Group 1 CD1 proteins. Humans express both Groups 1 and 2 CD1 proteins, whereas mice onl...
Innate Immune Cell Determinants of T Cell Immunity: From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Implications
Long-lasting T cell immunity is delivered by an array of individual T lymphocytes expressing clonally distributed and highly specific antigen receptors recognizing an almost infinite number of antigens that might enter in contact with the host. Following antigen-specific priming in lymphnodes, naïve CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes proliferate generating clones of effector cells that migrate to peripheral tissues and deliver unique antigen-specific effector functions. Moreover, a proportion of these effector lymphocytes survive as memory T cells that can be rapidly mobilized upon new exposure to the same antigen, even years after their primary induction. Innate immune cells play crucial roles in t...
Role of Metabolism in Regulating Immune Cell Fate Decisions
We acknowledge the initiation and support of this Research Topic by the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS). We hereby state publicly that the IUIS has had no editorial input in articles included in this Research Topic, thus ensuring that all aspects of this Research Topic are evaluated objectively, unbiased by any specific policy or opinion of the IUIS.
Specificity, Function, and Development of NK Cells
Our understanding of the function of natural killer (NK) cells has dramatically changed in recent years. The discovery of NK receptors specific for MHC class I molecules, and the study of the role of co-stimulatory and adhesion molecules have led to an understanding of how NK cells recognize tumor and virally infected cells that have lost expression of MHC class I molecules or have altered distribution of normal cell surface molecules. Such recognition events lead to intracellular signals which can be either stimulatory or inhibitory. This book provides an insight into how NK cells develop, how they learn to distinguish altered cells from normal cells, and into their biological role in controlling infections and tumors.
Gene Therapy
K. Sikora Gene therapy is one of the fastest developing areas in modern medical research. Transcending the classical preclinical and clinical disciplines, it is likely to have far reaching consequences in the practice of medicine, as we enter the next millennium. Currently, there are over 200 seperate active clinical trials with over 2,500 patients entered. These studies involve over 20 countries and include patients with a wide range of diseases, including cancer, HIV infection; cystic fibrosis (CF), haemophilia, diabetes, immune deficiencies, metabolic disorders, ischaemic heart disease and arthritis. Gene therapy can be defined as the deliberate transfer of DNA for therapeutic purposes. T...
Update on Translational Neuroimmunology - Research of ISNI 2018
The 14th International Congress of Neuroimmunology, ISNI 2018, was held in August 2018 in Brisbane, Australia, and is a biennial event organized by the International Society of Neuroimmunology (ISNI). The theme of ISNI 2018 was “Travelling the Neuroimmunological Translational Highway”, and the Congress highlighted many research discoveries that bridge the gap between basic and clinical sciences, and which impact our understanding of pathogenic immune-mediated mechanisms in diseases affecting the nervous system. In this Research Topic, we aim to give a comprehensive overview of topics highlighted at the Congress, showcasing the current state of the field of neuroimmunology and where it is going in the near future.
T Lymphocytes
This volume contains the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute held in Porto Conte (Alghero), Sardinia, September 15-27, 1991. The A. S. 1. was attended by 86 graduate and postgraduate students from 18 different countries, and was hosted by the newly founded International Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Porto Conte, directed by Prof. Marcello Siniscalco. The A. S. I. was funded by NATO Scientific Affairs Division, the International Union of Immunological Societies, the European Community (Directorate General for Science, Research and Development), the Italian Research Council, and the San Raffaele Institute of Milano. In addition, a number of students who reside in the U. S. received travel funds from the U. S. National Science Foundation, and the Turkish National Fund provided financial assistance to several students from Turkey. When we decided to organize a course on T lymphocytes, our concern was to reach a balance between the teaching of both the hard core principles and the latest experimental findings of cellular immunology, and the recently expanded interfaces with the not-yet known: hypotheses, speCUlations, new projections to be born from the discussions.
T Cell Protocols
With a wide variety of investigative approaches, T cell immunology is a vital and open field of study. In T Cell Protocols, Second Edition, an international panel of experts contribute fully updated classic protocols as well as newly established novel techniques for the study of T lymphocyte biology. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, the chapters in this volume provide brief introductions to the topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and Notes sections which collect expert tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Up-to-date and easy to use, T Cell Protocols, Second Edition is an ideal guide for young investigators new to the complex field of immunology as well as a valuable, concise resource for experienced scientists searching for clear, efficacious descriptions of novel methods.
