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Myocardial Ischemia and Preconditioning
Current evidence suggests that the ischemic preconditioning response is a multi-factorial process consisting of an initial early trigger, an intermediate mediator, and an end effector. Each of these steps in is now its own intense area of investigation. The need to render the heart ischemic for a brief period to invoke the preconditioning response is currently the major factor limiting clinical application of this powerful cardioprotective strategy. Recent research efforts have utilized brief exposures to pharmacological agents, in lieu of a brief preconditioning ischemia, to trigger/mimic the ischemic preconditioning-induced response. The World Heart Congress held in Winnipeg in July 2001 provided a forum for the presentation of new insights into the basic mechanisms of ischemia and reperfusion injury, as well as novel strategies to protect the heart from cell death, ventricular arrhythmias, and contractile dysfunction. Many pioneers in the fields of ischemia-reperfusion injury and preconditioning-induced protection presented there and the chapters in this book represent selected papers from these symposia.
Coronary Angiography
In the intervening 10 years tremendous advances in the field of cardiac computed tomography have occurred. We now can legitimately claim that computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the coronary arteries is available. In the evaluation of patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD), many guidelines today consider CTA an alternative to stress testing. The use of CTA in primary prevention patients is more controversial in considering diagnostic test interpretation in populations with a low prevalence to disease. However the nuclear technique most frequently used by cardiologists is myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). The combination of a nuclear camera with CTA allows for the attainment of coronary anatomic, cardiac function and MPI from one piece of equipment. PET/SPECT cameras can now assess perfusion, function, and metabolism. Assessing cardiac viability is now fairly routine with these enhancements to cardiac imaging. This issue is full of important information that every cardiologist needs to now.
Growth and Lactogenic Hormones
For more than seventy years evidence has accumulated documenting the existence of a bi-directional communication network between growth hormone and the immune system. In the past twenty years there has been a tremendous proliferation of information detailing the workings of the growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor axis. A multitude of growth factors and binding proteins have been identified. More and more evidence supporting the important role of the growth hormone IGF network in the well functioning of the normal immune system has been documented. Clearly the challenge today is not to prove, but to understand, the neuroimmune regulatory role of GLH in its entire complexity.The ultimate goal of this volume and of all the other volumes of this series is to promote the understanding of the science and to ease human suffering.
Osteodietology
During evolution, mankind has gone through alternating periods of famine/abundances, determined by seasons and environmental conditions changes, with consequent modifications in the metabolism efficiency. Adaptability and adjustment to these changes have helped us to survive as a species. Currently, in developed countries radical diet fluctuations are extremely rare, and, in this sense, human metabolism is largely "unchallenged". It is hard to assess whether or not this represents a favorable aspect.
With Obesity Becoming the New Normal, What Should We Do?
Obesity is a global epidemic and an urgent health crisis impacting human health and health services, with the economic consequences of loss of human capital. It is a crisis for health professionals, health economists and government officials managing finite resources and the economy with premature loss of life and economic productivity. In this Frontiers Research Topic, researchers from a breadth of disciplines internationally contributed reviews, meta-analyses and novel data on the challenges obesity presents in attempts to stimulate debate on strategies and solutions for this crisis.
The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine
Following the structure and format of the ESC core syllabus, this text introduces key concepts in the field of cardiovascular medicine.
Stars and Rising Stars in Neuroendocrinology
Recognizing the future leaders of Neuroendocrine Science is fundamental to safeguarding tomorrow's driving force in innovation. This collection will showcase the high-quality work of internationally recognized researchers both in the midst and in the early stages of their careers. We aim to highlight research by leading scientists of the future across the entire breadth of neuroendocrinology, and present advances in theory, experiment and methodology with applications to compelling problems. Please note, contributions to the collection are by invitation only. Please inform the Editorial Office at endocrinology.editorial.office@frontiersin.org once you are prepared to submit. This Research Topic will accept the following article types: Original Research; Review; Mini Review; Systematic Review; Methods; Hypothesis and Theory; Opinion; and Perspective. All Rising Star researchers will be suggested by established Editors in recognition of their influence on the future directions in their respective fields.
Physics and Engineering of Medical Imaging
The NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on Physics and Engineering of Medical Imaging has addressed a subject which in the wide area of biomedical technology is one of those which are showing greater impact in the practice of medicine for the ability to picture both Anatomy and Physiology. The information and accuracy obtained by whatever imaging methodology is a complex result of a multidisciplinary effort of several sciences such as Physics, Engineering, Electronics, Chemistry, Medicine, etc ... Development has occurred through work performed in different environments such as basic and applied research laboratories, industries and clinical centers, with the aim of achieving an efficient tr...
Endocrine Consequences of Prader-Willi Syndrome
Prader-Willi Syndrome has an estimated birth incidence of 1 in 10,000-30,000 people and affects male and females equally. The rare genetic disorder is caused by absent expression of the paternally-inherited genes on chromosome 15q11.2-q13 and presents implications on the endocrine system from early life as a result of associated hypothalamic dysfunction. Patients with Prader-Willi Syndrome experience endocrine disorders such as hypogonadism, hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, and poor bone mineral density. The features of Prader-Willi Syndrome are also consistent with those of growth hormone deficiency; patients also present with short stature and growth deceleration. Those with Prader-W...
