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The objective of this book is to take stock of the research Paolo Urio has conducted since 1997 on the rise of modern China, with emphasis on strategic public management. The starting point of the book is China’s will to recover world power status. This objective is of paramount importance for understanding the policies implemented since 1949, their rationale, content, and consequences upon Chinese society and economy, as well as their sequence in time, i.e. the underlying grand strategy. Starting from these premises, the book proposes an analysis of the contradictions that have developed within China since 1949, the positive and the negative consequences of the public policies implemented to overcome these imbalances, i.e.: the Communist Party’s loss of reputation at the end of Mao era; the introduction of market mechanisms by Deng and the resulting imbalances within Chinese economy, society and environment; the rebalances policies of the Hu Jintao era; and finally the assertive power policies of Xi Jinping, both nationally, e.g. the fight against corruption, and internationally, i.e. China’s new role in the world, especially as a competitor of the Unites States.
The second edition of this book (updated to February 24, 2024) presents a comprehensive evaluation of the strategy implemented by China to manage its modernization process. The author evaluates to what extent the economy has been developed, whether the imbalances due to the priority given to economic development have been corrected, and whether the improvements of science and technology have allowed China to develop world class high-tech sectors and a modern defence. Clearly, the end of the XX Century saw the fulfilment of Zhou En Lai ‘four modernizations’, i.e. the acquisition of power resources that fulfilled Mao’s proud 1949 statement: ‘we stood up’, thereby projecting China int...
Using both Chinese and Western theoretical approaches, this book analyses the strategies implemented by China for reclaiming power in the international domain. Examining domestic measures taken by China to assure its economic and social development, it also considers the strengths and weaknesses of its major international opponent, the US, and analyses their competing approaches to developing power resources and leadership dominance. It studies the foreign policies of both China and the US, first by going back to the historical origins of their ideological foundations and secondly by analysing their power building from the nineteenth century to the Trump and Xi Jinping presidencies. Finally,...
The US has historically disguised – to itself and to others – the true nature of its relations with those nations that stood in the way of its ambitions. Reversing the order of cause and effect, it has projected fear of harm from other nations even as it was expanding its dominion over them. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, which was so to be feared that the American people could even be told they would be “better dead than Red”, the US rejoiced in the belief that the world was at last under its uncontested leadership, celebrating Francis Fukuyama's then acclaimed book The End of History, and proclaiming, perhaps even believing, that it alone can assure peace, stability and pro...
Since its inception, the US has historically disguised - to others and to itself - the true nature of its relations with other peoples and nations that stood in the way of its ambitions. Its reversal of the order of cause and effect first surfaced with the pioneers' expropriation of Native territories, as generations of Americans thrilled to iconic movies depicting peaceful European-descent settlers alerted to the terrifying prospect that 'The Indians are coming!'. And so it went, with the US projecting fear of harm to itself throughout expansion of its dominion, first into the Americas and then in the rest of the world, until its formidable economic and military power led to the fall of the...
In the West, innovations in new public management (NPM) have been regarded as part of the neoliberal project, whilst in China, these reforms have emerged from a very different economic and social landscape. Despite these differences however, similar measures to those introduced in the West have been adopted by the Chinese state, which has largely abandoned the planned economy and adopted market mechanisms in the pursuit of improved economic efficiency and growth. Evaluating the results of these reforms in both China and the West between 1978 and 2011, this book shows that despite substantial improvements in economic efficiency in both cases under consideration, there have been considerable n...
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, more than 80% of world’s fish stocks are fully exploited, over-exploited, depleted, or recovering from depletion. Although several international agreements have promoted more responsible fisheries, coastal states have usually maintained national policies that enable higher harvest levels rather than greater conservation of fish stocks, and international agreements for more responsible fisheries have generally experienced a weak domestic implementation. Among the major coastal fishing states, China constitutes the largest fish producer and main exporter in the world, and therefore presents a fascinating case-stu...
China's economic reforms have brought the country both major international clout and widespread domestic prosperity. At the same time, the reforms have led to significant social upheaval, particularly manifest in labour relations. Each year, several thousand disputes break out over working conditions, many of them violent, and the Chinese state has responded with both legal and political strategies. This book investigates how Chinese governments have used law, and other forms of regulation, to govern working conditions and combat labour disputes. Starting from the early years of the Republican period, the book traces the evolution of the law of work in modern China right up to the reforms of the present day. It considers the structure of Chinese work law, drawing on both Chinese and Western scholarship to provide new insights into its unique features and assess where the law is innovative and where it is stagnant and unresponsive. The authors explore the various legal and extra-legal techniques successive Chinese governments have adopted to enforce work law and the responses of firms, workers and organizations to these practices.
This book examines the explicit effects of global connectivity on local culture and society in post-reform mainland China. It focuses on individual level globalization in China and how global socialization impacts local residents’ behaviors, lifestyle, value orientation and the consequence of local transformation. Asking questions such as: What types of individual global connections have emerged and developed in China over the last three decades? What aspects of local transformations are influenced by such global connections? How does the impact of global connections vary across different aspects of local communities and institutions? Jiaming Sun uses an original micro-level relational approach to analyse how different types of individual global connections may make a difference and constitute certain outcomes of local transformation, the outcome being that global connections are capable of facilitating local transformation across different spatial, economic, and cultural settings.