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Dominant Elites in Latin America
This volume examines the ways in which the socio-economic elites of the region have transformed and expanded the material bases of their power from the inception of neo-liberal policies in the 1970s through to the so-called progressive ‘pink tide’ governments of the past two decades. The six case study chapters—on Chile, Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, El Salvador, and Guatemala—variously explore how state policies and even United Nations peace-keeping missions have enhanced elite control of land and agricultural exports, banks and insurance companies, wholesale and import commerce, industrial activities, and alliances with foreign capital. Chapters also pay attention to the ways in which violence has been deployed to maintain elite power, and how international forces feed into sustaining historic and contemporary configurations of power.
Routes to Reform
This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read on the Oxford Academic platform and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. The key to sustained and equitable development in Latin America is high quality education for all. However, coalitions favoring quality reforms in education are usually weak because parents are dispersed, business is not interested, and much of the middle class has exited public education. In Routes to Reform, Ben Ross Schneider examines education policy throughout Latin America to show that reforms to improve learning--especially making teacher careers more meritoc...
Devastadora inversión
Se analizan 17 demandas de empresas transnacionales contra el Estado ecuatoriano, basadas en los Tratados Bilaterales de Inversión (TBI) suscritos con Estados Unidos, Canadá, España, Francia, Bolivia y Argentina. Estas demandas son presentadas en tribunales internacionales de arbitraje, como el CIADI, que en la mayoría de las veces resolvieron a favor de las empresas. Las sentencias de los árbitros se traducen en pagos millonarios que debe realizar el Ecuador, incluso en los casos en los que se da la razón, a cuenta de los costos procesales y los honorarios de los abogados. Estos montos generalmente superan con creces las inversiones realizadas; constituyen una extracción de fondos públicos que se suma a la serie de efectos que estos capitales provocan en los territorios, ampliando las fronteras extractivas y violando los derechos humanos, colectivos y de la naturaleza. Sin embargo, todo esto podría empeorar, pues ya se anuncia una nueva oleada de tratados de inversión, porque lo que está en juego es garantizar la continuidad de los negocios.
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