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Composed in 404, Jerome's Epitaph on Saint Paula (Epitaphium Sanctae Paulae) is an elaborate eulogy commemorating the life of Paula (347-404), a wealthy Christian widow from Rome who renounced her senatorial status and embraced an ascetic lifestyle and in 386 co-founded with Jerome a monastic complex in Bethlehem.
Mitä huonommassa kunnossa olemme, sitä vähemmän kuormitusta siedämme ja sitä hitaammin voimavarat elpyvät stressitilanteen lauettua. Moni haaveilee stressittömästä elämästä. Sitä ei kuitenkaan kannata tavoitella, sillä vaikka liiallinen kuormitus johtaa pitkään jatkuessaan terveyden heikkenemiseen, ei myöskään liian vähäinen kuormitus tee hyvää. Keho kaipaa ja kestää hetkellistä kovaakin kuormitusta, mutta ei jatkuvaa liiallista kokonaiskuormitusta. Aikamme vitsaus on alipalautuminen. Se ei johdu pelkästään liiasta kuormittumisesta, vaan myös kapasiteettimme kaventumisesta. Liiallinen istuminen, ruutuaika ja fyysinen passiivisuus johtavat siihen, että särkym�...
The way in which a society expresses grief can reveal how it views both intense emotions and public order. In thirteenth-century Italian communes, a conscious effort to change appropriate public reaction to death threw into sharp relief connections among urban politics, gender expectations, and understandings of emotionality. In Passion and Order, Carol Lansing explores a dramatic change in thinking and practice about emotional restraint. This shift was driven by politics and understood in terms of gender. Thirteenth-century court cases reveal that male elites were accustomed to mourning loudly and demonstratively at funerals. As many as a hundred men might gather in a town's streets and squ...
“Be true to yourself”—it is a dictum so ubiquitous that it can seem like both philosophical wisdom and an empty truism. Should we aspire to an ideal of living authentically? What does it mean to be true to yourself? Against Authenticity: Why You Shouldn't Be Yourself is a philosophical exploration and critique of the ideal of authenticity. Simon Feldman argues that if being true to ourselves is a matter of maintaining a strong will, being psychologically independent, achieving self-knowledge, or being morally conscientious, then the best lives we can lead should be expected to involve substantial inauthenticity. Feldman suggests that various construals of the ideal of authenticity pres...
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