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The term "local content" refers to the value petroleum activities bring to a country beyond the direct revenues from hydrocarbons. Job creation, taxes and fees, and the infusion of talent and education all contribute to local content. With the insight of experts from around the world, this text explores the policies of more than two dozen countries, each with its own approach. It also discusses historical context and how countries could learn from the best and the worst of local content development. Host countries that remain assertive in local content policies also have a better track record in tackling other associated problems. These include economic and social issues as well as also the development of a diverse and well-educated local work force. This text is a valuable resource for legal counsels (in-house and external), governmental authorities, business development managers, economists, NGOs, and academics.
The oil and gas industry’s wide international exposure and constantly changing landscape leave it particularly vulnerable to disputes. As this practical book demonstrates, the risks associated with disputes can be mitigated by parties utilising governing law and dispute resolution clauses in contractual agreements within the sector. Examining a global range of jurisdictions, the book offers clear guidance on the most appropriate choice of law and choice of dispute resolution forum for oil and gas contracts, analysing the key issues and defining the legal contours involved.
This updated edition provides the unique combination of an encyclopaedia with commentary for the entire chain of petroleum activities.Fully updated, this new edition provides additional sections on (i) international laws and treaties with direct impact on the upstream sector, (2) anti-corruption laws and practices, (3) corporate and social responsi
The book reviews the various instruments which may form the petroleum fiscal system of a jurisdiction, with numerous examples from countries having configured their systems very differently.
Electric propulsion optimizes propellant mass and meets new propulsion device demands. These devices adjust satellite orbits and enable long missions. Among various thrusters, electrostatic ones have well-defined physics, simplifying operational parameter optimization. This study developed a global model for an Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) cylindrical ion thruster with an output polarized grid system. Argon propellant is injected into the chamber, and ICP plasma is generated by a radiofrequency current. Neutral and excited species are accelerated out by diffusion, while ionized species are accelerated via the polarized grids' electric field. The polarized grid system was optimized for better plasma sheath use. The model considers single and multi-step ionization, the Electron Energy Distribution Function (EEDF), neutral gas, and electron power balance equations. Excited species influence ionization energy, but not ionic density. However, the ion substitution rate increases, essential for thrust and specific impulse. The model determines the neutral gas temperature by considering the power balance and interactions with other species.
Este pequeno livro não é um curso de astrofísica, tampouco um estudo acadêmico, mas apenas comentários complementares, em linguagem simples, sobre alguns temas já estudados pela astrofísica, trazendo novas interpretações com o objetivo de propiciar novas reflexões, acadêmicas ou não. Discorre sobre a razão de as noites serem escuras, propõe ensaio para a verificação de característica eletromagnética da atração gravitacional (com contraposição ao conceito de deformação do tecido espaço-tempo), apresenta nova explicação do campo magnético terrestre (com contraposição ao conceito de movimentos do manto terrestre), afirmando que somente o movimento de elétrons é c...
This book focuses on renegotiating extractive contracts to align with the net-zero goals. It delves into extractive contract negotiations in four ways which collectively represent a major research gap in literature. It focuses on extractive contract provisions and examines their alignment with net zero goals, suggesting how these provisions could be re-negotiated to ensure an effective energy transition. Consequently, the book assesses how contractual provisions are responding to, or reflecting energy transition scenarios, and highlights areas to be included or strengthened that will be beneficial for all energy stakeholders. This book goes on to discuss the energy transition global landscape. Through the presentation of case studies from different countries, the book assesses the transition risks in extractive contracts, and it uniquely provides the negotiation tools and strategies to address these transition risks.
How many times in life do we attempt to decipher those moments of ecstasy when love happens? This overwhelming feeling surrounding us becomes so real that it gives us the illusory sensation of being concrete and palpable. We know we have it, and we regret it when it disappears, but, unfortunately, we have no way to imprison it. We will never tire of the desire not to believe that its manifestation is involuntary. However, we can consider ourselves fortunate to be eternal hunters endowed with extreme sensitivity to detect its nuances. In this book, twelve short stories are presented with different engaging scenarios and, apparently, disconnected from the theme. These short stories, however, do not present novel plots, as the title might suggest. The main objective of the narratives is to immerse the reader in different and genuine ways in which pure love manifests itself. At the end of each chapter, the reader is challenged to reflect on whether the feelings involved, hidden in a subtle way, are some faces of true love.
"Building Education Together (BET): Reducing dropout rates in English as a Foreign Language programs through enhanced collaboration and motivation. In Chile, the high dropout rate of English programs places the country among those with the lowest proficiency levels globally. This study aims to decrease these rates by creating high-quality materials based on gamification, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), and collaborative work. The intervention, conducted with adult learners in an institute in Santiago, revealed that the combination of games, technology, and future-oriented tasks significantly increased motivation and classroom participation, while also reducing dropout intentions. The results indicate that a collaborative and motivational educational approach can improve students' confidence and future self-image, contributing to effective English learning."
The Palgrave Handbook of Natural Gas and Global Energy Transitions provides an in-depth and authoritative examination of the transformative implications of the ongoing global energy transitions for natural gas markets across the world. With case studies from Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Latin America, South America, Australia, and the Middle East, the volume introduces readers to the latest legal, policy, technological, and fiscal innovations in natural gas markets in response to ongoing global energy transitions. It outlines the risk mitigation strategies and contractual techniques — focusing on resilience planning, low-carbon business models, green procurement, climate-smart infr...