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為滿足更高資料量要求的4G和5G網路,許多通訊技術已經開發如多輸入多輸出(MIMO)和多用戶多輸入多輸出(MU-MIMO)、網路式多輸入多輸出(Network MIMO)╱多點協調(CoMP)、多用戶波束成形(MULTI-USER BEAMFORMING)、載波聚合(Carrier aggregation, CA)等。 其中,MIMO╱MU-MIMO、Network MIMO╱CoMP與MULTI-USER BEAMFORMING這些技術設計對於增加網路容量、信號品質、資料率和頻譜效率至關重要。故本研究首先將詳細說明此三大關鍵技術,再從各技術的市場發展態勢、大廠佈局與專利進展分別進行深度分析。
This is Volume I of the four-volume set LNCS 3991-3994 constituting the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Computational Science, ICCS 2006. The 98 revised full papers and 29 revised poster papers of the main track presented together with 500 accepted workshop papers were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the four volumes. The coverage spans the whole range of computational science.
The Fifth International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2005) held in Atlanta, Georgia, USA, May 22-25, 2005 ...
"Formerly known as the International Citation Manual"--p. xv.
Microscale hydrogels are potentially useful materials for controlling cellular behavior to mimic native microenvironments for tissue engineering applications. In this chapter, various fabrication techniques to generate microscale hydrogels and their applications in tissue engineering have been outlined. In addition, we provide examples of microscale hydrogels with different physical and chemical properties for generation of tissue constructs. Finally, we discuss potential future directions in fabrication of hydrogels to address challenges in tissue engineering. It is expected that these techniques will enable engineering of three-dimensional (3D) structures with controlled features for the formation of functional tissues and organs.
While the PSE community continues its focus on understanding, synthesizing, modeling, designing, simulating, analyzing, diagnosing, operating, controlling, managing, and optimizing a host of chemical and related industries using the systems approach, the boundaries of PSE research have expanded considerably over the years. While early PSE research was largely concerned with individual units and plants, the current research spans wide ranges of scales in size (molecules to processing units to plants to global multinational enterprises to global supply chain networks; biological cells to ecological webs) and time (instantaneous molecular interactions to months of plant operation to years of st...