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BASIC PRINCIPLES AND FOUNDATIONS OF BIOSAFETY AND LABORATORY SECURITY IN A TUBERCULOSIS AND HIV/AIDS REFERENCE LABORATORY.
This book examines the biological safety principles, characterization of four biosafety levels, areas of research needs, safety management programme profile, key tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS reference laboratory security protocols and the socio-economic implications of poor safety practices in a tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS reference laboratory. Laboratory safety programmes are plans for preventing sickness and injury to personnel and damage or destruction of physical assets. The fundamental objectives of a meaningful laboratory safety programme include improvement of safety skills and attitude of all personnel, and development of a surveillance programme for prompt identification of hazards. It also explains fully, the term "containment" which describes safe methods for managing infectious materials in the laboratory environment where they are being handled or maintained.
BASIC PRINCIPLES AND FOUNDATIONS OF QUALITY CONTROL, QUALITY ASSURANCE AND EXTERNAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT IN A TB/HIV/AIDS REFERENCE LABORATORY.
Quality control is the measures that have to be included in each test run to verify that the test is working correctly. Quality control indicates whether a test run is valid. External quality assessment program is an external evaluation of laboratory performance based on participation in EQAP using proficiency panels.The key issues for TB/HIV/AIDS laboratory quality assurance is that there must be detailed standard operating procedures (SOP) with total compliance checklists for monitoring all activities, organizational schemes for processing, documentation and assessment, monitoring of staff (competency evaluation) with blind proficiencies, neat and complete documentation of all results, no deviation from procedures, maintaining of confidentiality, endorsement of safety measures, and identification of errors and addressing them with a corrective action plan.To have an effective quality plan, there must be focus on accuracy, detail, clarity and legibility. Check and recheck. Never assume.
BASIC PRINCIPLES AND FOUNDATIONS OF DESIGN , COST AND OPERATING OF A TUBERCULOSIS REFERENCE LABORATORY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.
This book explains the principles of design , costing and operating of a tuberculosis reference laboratory in developing countries is not necessarily a space confined within walls and a closed door. Space planning criteria is used to designate different areas for a specific purpose or function.Related functions may often be advantageously located inside the same four walls. There are, however , a few functions which have to be totally isolated from others, for example, the media processing section, which has quite specific criteria for cleanliness and if feasible, a dark room for fluorescence microscopy.A tuberculosis reference laboratory is designed to take account of the fact that all laboratory functions are to constitute a compact unit in which the employees can move between the various parts of the laboratory without having to pass through doors.
PRINCIPLES AND FOUNDATIONS OF GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE AND STANDARDS IN A TUBERCULOSIS AND HIV/AIDS REFERENCE LABORATORY.
This book examines the principles of the basic standard practices required in a Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS Reference Laboratory. This explains the minimum standard of practice required by every Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS Reference Laboratory in the day to day running of its affairs. Adhering to these principles and standards would ensure that elements of good laboratory practice and standards in a Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS Reference Laboratory like confidentiality, counseling, quality control, quality assurance, quality assessment, standard operational procedure, supervision, safety precaution, water requirement , reagents and kits are practiced in the Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS Reference Laboratory for the good clinical management of the patients.
THE ROLE OF THE MARKERS OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION IN THE CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF THE DISEASE.
The main serum markers of HBV include HBsAg, , HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, and HBcAb.. The importance of these markers lies in helping in the correct and complete diagnosis of HBV.Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is the serological hallmark of HBV infection. It can be detected by radioimmunoassay (RIA) or enzyme immunoassay (EIA). HBsAg appears in serum 1 to 10 weeks after an acute exposure to HBV, prior to the onset of hepatitis symptoms or elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT). In patients who subsequently recover, HBsAg usually becomes undetectable after four to six months.Persistence of HBsAg for more than six months implies chronic infection. HBV markers detected with laboratory tests can be used to diagnose acute hepatitis, past infection and chronic infection which help in the understanding and clinical management of the disease in humans.
PRINCIPLES AND FOUNDATIONS OF SAFETY PRACTICES AND STANDARDS IN THE TUBERCULOSIS AND HIV/AIDS REFERENCE LABORATORY .
Safety in the Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS Reference Laboratory is aimed at protecting the experimenter and also protecting the sample from contamination that may give false results or infections in the laboratory and its environment.There is need for the equipment, materials and samples not to be contaminated with microbes to avoid cross infections and obtaining of false results. Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS Reference Laboratory safety is achieved by strict adherence to good laboratory practices and standard operating procedures.Safety skills acquired through learning must be put into practice in the Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS Reference Laboratory.
PRINCIPLES AND FOUNDATIONS OF MENTORING IN SCIENCE :AN INVALUABLE GUIDE TO MENTORS AND MENTEES.
This book is a mentoring action plan that examines the principles and foundations of mentoring in science. Mentoring the next generation of scientists is the surest way to grow the scientific community for the continuity and innovative sustainability of global science.This book provides an overview of mentorship, ground rules and guidelines for establishing mentorship, formal ethical and legal issues in mentoring relationships, evaluation of mentoring programs and resources mobilization for setting up and sustaining mentoring relationships in science .This handbook is an essential guide for institutions, mentors and mentees who wants to learn the administration of mentorship. It is also an invaluable guide for mentors and mentees who are already involved in mentoring as it reveals the well guarded secrets of efficient mentoring for scientists.Mentoring in science should be a shared professional responsibility of all scientists globally.
BASIC PRINCIPLES AND FOUNDATIONS OF FIRE FIGHTING AND PREVENTION IN A TUBERCULOSIS AND HIV/AIDS REFERENCE LABORATORY.
This book examines the subject of fire prevention which has been of great significance and importance throughout man's history. This is because although laboratory scientists has learnt to use it every day for flaming, sterilization, decontamination, boiling, heating, incineration of wastes and other laboratory work, he has yet to learn how to control fire especially scientists in a tuberculosis (TB), human immune deficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) reference laboratory. If fire is not properly controlled in the TB/HIV/AIDS reference laboratory, fire can destroy both the scientist and the TB/HIV/AIDS reference laboratory. It is therefore imperative that the knowledge of control and prevention of fire outbreak in the TB/HIV/AIDS reference laboratory must be pursued.
HOW TO GENOTYPE ROTAVIRUS ISOLATES
Viral RNA was extracted from the stool samples collected from the children and analyzed using one step Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR ) for genotyping and Agarose Gel Electrophoresis (AGE) for the identification of the different bands of the electrophoretypes of the rotavirus.Analysis results indicated that 16 (22.53%%) out of the 71 children were positive for rotavirus infection while 55 (77.46%%) were negative for rotavirus infection.The rotavirus positive patients were made up of 12 males (68.75%%) and 4 females (25.0%%) while rotavirus negative patients were 32 males (58.18%%) and 23 females (41.81%%).The total number of males with gastroenteritis were 44 (60.56%%) while females were 27 (39.43%%).Rotavirus G2 genotype detected in 10 patients was the most prevalent strain in the hospital followed by G1 genotype found in 6 patients and these were the only rotavirus genotypes detected in the hospital.
PRINCIPLES AND PROTOCOLS OF RESEARCH WRITING , ETHICS AND BIOETHICS FOR RESEARCHERS.
This book is an international coursebook on the guidelines, principles and protocols of research writing , ethics and bioethics for researchers. It also contains sections on how to write and publish a scientific paper and also how to write proposals for national and international funding.
