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This volume explores nuclear structure and trafficking involving or relevant to RNA and RNPs. Topics include advances and current problems in the structural organization of different subnuclear compartments, Cajal bodies and gems, speckles containing splicing factors, and PML bodies characteristic of ProMyelocytic leukemia. The book also describes the dynamic aspects of RNA trafficking and the latest technologies for live cell imaging of mRNA.
The discovery in 1977 that genes are split into exons and introns has done away with the one gene - one protein dogma. Indeed, the removal of introns from the primary RNA transcript is not necessarily straightforward since there may be optional pathways leading to different messenger RNAs and consequently to different proteins. Examples of such an alternative splicing mechanism cover all fields of biology. Moreover, there are plenty of occurrences where deviant splicing can have pathological effects. Despite the high number of specific cases of alternative splicing, it was not until recently that the generality and extent of this phenomenon was fully appreciated. A superficial reading of the...
The internal structure of a cell can be affected by signals in the form of small molecules outside the cell. These changes can then alter the shape or adhesiveness of the cell. This volume centers particularly on one family of cellular proteins which transmit these signals, the Rho Ras-like GTPases, and examines their role in normal cellular processes and development. Also discussed are their roles in cancer formation and microbial pathogenesis.
Epigenetics refers to heritable patterns of gene expression which do not depend on alterations of genomic DNA sequence. This book provides a state-of-the-art account of a few selected hot spots by scientists at the edge in this extremely active field. It puts special emphasis on two main streams of research. One is the role of post-translational modifications of proteins, mostly histones, on chromatin structure and accessibility. The other one deals with parental genomic imprinting, a process which allows to express a few selected genes from only one of the parental allele while extinguishing the other.
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Vectors for Transfer and Expression of Genes held in Wilsede, FRG, October 21-24, 1988 on the Occasion of the 40th Anniversary of the Heinrich-Pette-Institut fürExperimentelle Virologie u. Immunologie an der Univ. Hamburg
The informational nature of biological organization, at levels from the genetic and epigenetic to the cognitive and linguistic. Information shapes biological organization in fundamental ways and at every organizational level. Because organisms use information—including DNA codes, gene expression, and chemical signaling—to construct, maintain, repair, and replicate themselves, it would seem only natural to use information-related ideas in our attempts to understand the general nature of living systems, the causality by which they operate, the difference between living and inanimate matter, and the emergence, in some biological species, of cognition, emotion, and language. And yet philosop...
This book introduces and analyzes the crucial role of AP-1 in cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. AP-1 is the endpoint of several pathways of signal transduction, including one that triggers cancerous growth. The control of its activity is an issue of basic science, cancer therapy, and other diseases. The chapters provide multiple viewpoints of the emerging data on AP-1, including its role as a factor regulating genes involved in the metastatic properties of cancer, as a factor that interacts with viral gene products, and as a part of the mechanism by which steroid and retinoic acid receptors function as anti-inflammatory proteins.
In this accessible history of science and medicine, Marcus exposes the complex story of the efforts made from 1875 through 1915 to first conquer and, failing that, to control cancer--a dual approach that remains in force to this day. He reveals the messiness of real-time scientific research, tracing the repeated lurches of promise, discoveries of hope, and the inevitable despair that always followed. Other barriers existed to the research, such as inconsistency in test standards and inter-laboratory competition and mistrust. Researchers approached cancer from such disparate specialties as clinical medicine, zoology, botany, chemistry, nutrition, bacteriology, pathology, and microbiology. Although they came from diverse fields, each steadfastly maintained that cancer operated in an analogous fashion to other bacteriological diseases.
Der definitive Leitfaden zum RNA-Splicing - ideal für alle Kliniker, die sich mit genetischen Erkrankungen befassen, insbesondere natürlich für RNA-Forscher. Website: www.wiley-vch.de/home/splicing
Biological functions are almost exclusively attributed to macromolecules, i.e. nucleic acids, proteins and polysaccharides. To gain their complete functional activities these biomolecules have to associate with the nuclear matrix, the cytoskeleton and the cell/plasma membranes. It is the aim of this series to discuss actual aspects in the field of structure-associated genetic and epigenetic functional processes. This series of survey reviews fills the gap in structure-associated information flow, and is a vital reference work for scientists in molecular and cell biology.