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International Monitoring of Plebiscites, Referenda and National Elections
International monitoring of plebiscites, referenda and national elections has given a guarantee to the populations and the countries directly involved, and to the international community, that the people themselves have been able to exercise freely their right to self-determination through these processes. By focusing international attention on an internal electoral process, international monitoring may deter fraud by government, armed forces or electoral authorities. It shows international support for democracy and elections, as well as for human rights. While the international monitoring of elections does not guarantee that a dictatorship will evolve peacefully into a pluralist democracy, free and periodic elections are an essential prerequisite to the creation and maintenance of democracy, which is itself a prerequisite for the protection and promotion of human rights. The United Nations and other international organizations and groups are openly supporting the world's evolution towards democracy. This book will be of great use for those who are actively involved in international monitoring as well as for researchers in the field of democracy and human rights.
Plebiscites And Sovereignty
Throughout the world, civil wars, secessionist struggles, wars of national liberation, and irredentist movements are producing casualties and refugees at a staggering rate. In an environment of international turmoil, traditional modes of inter-state diplomacy are often ineffective when political legitimacy and sovereignty, self-determination and te
Post-World War One Plebiscites and Their Legacies
Plebiscites, or referendums, are epitomes of direct democracy and the right of self-determination. While direct democracy has always been a key subject in the theory and practice of western liberal democracies, the issue of self-determination has been propelled to the fore by the hegemonistic moves of Russia. By providing a historical analysis of the post-World War One plebiscites, this book deals with enduring, painfully contemporary, and in in any case fundamental, concepts. The contributors to this edited volume approach the referendums comparatively. After grounding the analysis theoretically, the authors look at detailed aspects of individual cases, with the two plebiscites held in the ...
The Daily Plebiscite
The Daily Plebiscite offers a multi-faceted analysis of Canada's national unity crisis from the perspective of someone who lived through it all.
Puerto Rico's Plebiscites
This book is a compilation of the results of all the plebiscites on Statehood held by Puerto Rico in 1967, 1993, 1998 and 2012. Puerto Rico has been a US territory since 1898, and Puerto Ricans are American citizens since 1917. Because of the current territorial status, American citizens of Puerto Rico don't have voting representation in Congress and can't participate in the election of the President of the US. In 2012, after three failed plebiscites, the people of Puerto Rico gave a clear message to change their current status and seek admission as the 51st state. The plebiscite contained two questions. The 1st question asked voters to decide if they wanted to keep the current territorial status. 54%% voted against the current status. The 2nd question asked voters to choose a non territorial option between Statehood, Independence and Free Association. 61%% voted for Statehood. Now is the time for Congress to act, and approve enabling legislation to make Puerto Rico state 51 of the USA.
Chile
1. Exile.
