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Moving from water problems to water solutions: research needs assessment for the eastern Gangetic Plains
The workshop organizers had previously identified three pillars that directly influence land and water resources, its policies and institutions at a regional scale. These were: (1) Availability of the resources; (2) Access to the resources; and (3) Achievements that can be obtained through the use of the resources (yields, productivity and income enhancement from these land and water resources). The two-day workshop focused on identifying appropriate research questions that would help improve the livelihoods of the rural poor in these three areas to cope with spatial and temporal variability, and scarcity, of available land and water resources, improve farmers’ access to these resources and ensure their distribution in an equitable manner, and achieve optimal productivity.
Methods to investigate the hydrology of the Himalayan springs
Springs are the major source of freshwater in many small mountainous watersheds within the Himalayan region. In recent years, their flow rates have diminished, but the reasons for this are not self-evident, and hence this paper reviews the methods to investigate Himalayan springs. The review reveals that chemical and isotope analyses – mostly water dating and stable isotope (e.g., d18O) analyses – could be an appropriate entry point to commence field investigations, because of their potential to map complex spring pathways, including linkages between aquifers. This should be combined with the building of hydrogeological maps with the available data. Output from desktop analyses, field investigations and hydrogeological maps could then contribute to the establishment of a conceptual model, which could form the basis for a numerical model.
Extent of Arsenic Contamination and Its Impact on the Food Chain and Human Health in the Eastern Ganges Basin
Exposure to arsenic and the use of arsenic-contaminated groundwater in agriculture causes serious health issues. Complete or partial contamination of groundwater is reported worldwide, especially in the Eastern Gangetic Basin (EGB). This study aims to create an overall assessment of arsenic contamination in the EGB based on existing literature, demarcate the extent of the affected area, highlight the impacts on the food chain and human health, and hopes the research will help in the better planning and management of groundwater. Although several studies have evaluated arsenic contamination of groundwater in the EGB, (a) there is no proper long-term monitoring being done in affected areas; (b...
Reviving the Ganges water machine: potential and challenges to meet increasing water demand in the Ganges River Basin
Although the Ganges River Basin (GRB) has abundant water resources, the seasonal monsoon causes a mismatch in water supply and demand, which creates severe water-related challenges for the people living in the basin, the rapidly growing economy and the environment. Addressing these increasing challenges will depend on how people manage the basin’s groundwater resources, on which the reliance will increase further due to limited prospects for additional surface storage development. This report assesses the potential of the Ganges Water Machine (GWM), a concept proposed 40 years ago, to meet the increasing water demand through groundwater, and mitigate the impacts of floods and droughts. The...
Mechanically Reclaiming Abandoned Saline Soils
Tests the hypothesis that timely surface cultivation before monsoon or winter rains in semiarid and arid areas will assist reclamation of abandoned saline soils. The effect of surface cultivation, monsoon rains, depth to water table, and ground water salinity on secondary salinity are evaluated using a numerical model, SWAP93.
Revitalizing Canal Irrigation: Towards Improving Cost Recovery
Cost recovery from irrigation in almost all the countries presents a dismal picture. Low cost recovery coupled with declining government finances has led to the deterioration of both the quality of the built infrastructure and institutions managing and governing such infrastructure. This has created a vicious circle of low cost recovery, poor maintenance of infrastructure, inadequate and unreliable water supply, inefficient and corrupt institutions, and unwillingness of the farmers to pay. Breaking this vicious circle primarily requires identifying ways to improve availability of financial resources. Improving cost recovery from all users, including irrigators of the water, offers one of the most important avenues for raising financial resources. The present study examines some of the important issues that impinge on improving the cost recovery in canal irrigation, and assesses the feasibility of some of the efforts being made to improve cost recovery in irrigation to revitalize canal irrigation.
Strategies to Mitigate Secondary Salinization in the Indus Basin of Pakistan
ThisThis report discusses the nature and causes of secondary salinization, reviews strategies developed and tested within IBIS to mitigate salinization, and identifies areas requiring further investigation.
Hydrogeology of the Eastern Ganges Basin: an overview
The Ganges Basin is a part of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) River Basin and is one of the most populated (600 million) river basins in the world. This study focuses on the Eastern Ganges Basin (EGB) and covers India (Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal), Bangladesh and the Nepal Terai. Poverty is acute in the EGB, where household incomes are low, food security is not assured and devastating floods (and also water shortages) occur too often. The EGB is underlain by one of the most prolific aquifers in the world. Yet, farmers struggle to cope with dry spells and droughts because of their inability to access groundwater. Huge untapped groundwater, surplus surface water, and enormous plains a...
America’s Water Crises
This book is focused exclusively on water problems in the 48 U.S. states. The authors provide an accessible overview of the work of many federal, state and academic researchers and water system administrators whose investigations have focused on the state of water and the water crisis now accelerating in the United States. David McNabb and Carl Swenson seek to bring to a wider audience some of the current research findings and data on the perilous state of the United States’ surface and groundwater resources during this time of climate change and the extreme drought taking place in many sections of the nation. Descriptions of the water resource systems are based on research and the subsequent findings published by water scientists in the United States Geological Survey, the Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Corps of Engineers and water related agencies of the Departments of Agriculture and of the Interior and state and local water management agencies.
Road Map to Scale Up Solar Irrigation Pumps in Bangladesh (2023–2031)
This road map shows how Bangladesh can swap diesel irrigation pumps for solar powered systems to reduce fuel imports, increase farmers’ incomes, and support the country’s clean energy transition. It provides guidelines for the installation of up to 45,000 solar irrigation pumps, which could cut annual diesel consumption by 300,000 tons. The plan would support 1.3 million farmers and give them the chance to sell surplus electricity. Setting out financing proposals, the publication explains how the zero-carbon pumps can drive more sustainable groundwater use, reduce poverty and inequality, and help Bangladesh better adapt to the growing impacts of climate change.
