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This book is a compendium of key scientific questions, challenges, and opportunities across different areas of exoplanetary science. The field is currently experiencing rapid growth, and the book provides a front-row view of the advancements at the cutting-edge of the field. Each chapter contains a short exposition on the most important open questions, challenges, and opportunities in a specific area from the perspective of one or more top experts in the area. It provides a starting point for researchers, experts and non-experts alike, to obtain a quick overview of the forefront of exoplanetary science and a vision for the future of the field. Topics range from observational developments and techniques, including exoplanet detection and characterisation methods and state-of-the-art and future missions, to exoplanet theory and modelling including planet formation, planetary interiors, atmospheres, habitability and the search for life.
Over the past two decades, Python has become the de facto standard language of data science both in industry and astronomy (with the exception of simulations and other extreme scale computing problems). This course text is a full introduction to programming in Python with an explicit focus on astrophysical applications.
The first non-electromagnetic messengers from space were discovered in the early 20th century, but it is only now that multimessenger astronomy is coming into its own. The aim of Multimessenger Astronomy in Practice is to aid an astronomer who is new to research in a particular area of multimessenger astronomy. Covering electromatic radiation from radio through to gamma-rays, and moving on to neutrino, cosmic-ray and gravitational wave astronomy, it gives the reader an overview of the celestial objects detected in each region, the unique methods used to measure them, as well as the principles and methods of data collection, calibration, reduction and analysis. Further chapters cover dark mat...
Astronomy is a popular subject for non-science majors in the United States, often representing a last formal exposure to science. Nationwide, more than half of all college students take at least one class online each year. In addition, there has been a rapid growth in Massive Open Online Classes (MOOCs), where adult learners take an online class for enrichment rather than for credit towards a degree. For both formal and informal learners, online course delivery is becoming increasingly important, and the resources for instructors have not kept up with this rapid change. This book aims to fill that need, with advice on all the tools and resources that are suitable for online classes. The book's purpose is to bring astronomy instructors up to speed on the best ways to create and teach an online astronomy class, for traditional college students and for distributed audiences of lifelong learners. Instructors of these courses will see articles on the online use of real and virtual telescopes, simulations and applets, and tools that adapt to the learner. Each chapter is written by an academic who is adept in teaching online classes to diverse audiences.
The redshifted 21-cm signal is set to transform astrophysical cosmology, bringing a historically data-starved field into the era of Big Data. Corresponding to the spin-flip transition of neutral hydrogen, the 21-cm line is sensitive to the temperature and ionization state of the cosmic gas, as well as to cosmological parameters. Crucially, with the development of new interferometers it will allow us to map out the first billion years of our Universe, enabling us to learn about the properties of the unseen first generations of galaxies. Rapid progress is being made on both the observational and theoretical fronts, and important decisions on techniques and future direction are being made. The Cosmic 21-cm Revolution gathers contributions from current leaders in this fast-moving field, providing both an overview for graduate students and a reference point for current researchers.
Einstein's general theory of relativity has transformed how we perceive space-time and its interplay with matter. This second edition presents a modern, compact and digestible account of modern cosmology and general relativity. With updated and expanded chapters, topics covered include equivalence principles, space-time curvature, Einstein's theory, tests of GR, black hole theory, gravitational waves, the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), the large-scale structure of the Universe, and quantum gravity. Each chapter contains a set of exercises to consolidate the material and other challenges for students. Fully worked solutions are provided, accessible only by instructors. This comprehensive book caters for third and fourth year undergraduates reading for degrees in physics, astrophysics, and related degree programmes, and is useful as a reference for postgraduates.
Planets come in many different sizes, and with many different compositions, orbiting our Sun and countless other stars. Understanding their properties and interactions requires an understanding of a diverse set of sub-fields, including orbital and atmospheric dynamics, geology, geophysics, and chemistry. This textbook provides a physics-based tour of introductory planetary science concepts for undergraduate students majoring in astronomy, planetary science, or related fields. It shows how principles and equations learned in introductory physics classes can be applied to study many aspects of planets, including dynamics, surfaces, interiors, and atmospheres. It also includes chapters on the discovery and characterization of extrasolar planets, and the physics of planet formation. Key Features Covers a wide range of planetary science topics at an introductory level Coherently links the fields of solar system science, exoplanetary science, and planet formation Each chapter includes homework questions Includes python templates for reproducing and customizing the figures in the book