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Pore-forming toxins are virulence factors produced by a great variety of pathogenic bacteria ranging from the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus to the Gram-negative Helicobacter pylory. The recent studies reviewed in this volume describe the progress that has been made in dissecting the different steps of the mode of action of these proteins which generally include binding to specific cell surface receptors, oligomerization into ring like structures and membrane perforation.
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Personality, psychopathology and emotional factors are intimately related to smoking, yet there are few efforts to integrate relevant findings in these areas. Taking a comprehensive, current and detailed view, this text develops an empirically-based model that reflects the multi-dimensional, individual-difference-related causal paths associated with smoking and its reinforcing and affect-modulating effects.; Starting with a review of models of smoking motivation, this volume then goes on to discuss effect and emotion, and the nature, biological bias and relationships among personality, temperament and psychopathology. Other chapters focus attention on questions of when, in whom and what mech...
This is the completely revised and updated version of the popular and highly regarded textbook, Applied Geophysics. It describes the physical methods involved in exploration for hydrocarbons and minerals, which include gravity, magnetic, seismic, electrical, electromagnetic, radioactivity, and well-logging methods. All aspects of these methods are described, including basic theory, field equipment, techniques of data acquisition, data processing and interpretation, with the objective of locating commercial deposits of minerals, oil, and gas and determining their extent. In the fourteen years or so since the first edition of Applied Geophysics, many changes have taken place in this field, mainly as the result of new techniques, better instrumentation, and increased use of computers in the field and in the interpretation of data. The authors describe these changes in considerable detail, including improved methods of solving the inverse problem, specialized seismic methods, magnetotellurics as a practical exploration method, time-domain electromagnetic methods, increased use of gamma-ray spectrometers, and improved well-logging methods and interpretation.
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Pore-forming proteins and peptides play a central role in bacterial pathogenesis, the immune response, defense from venomous attack, and innate immunity. These proteins attack and eliminate other organisms by punching an aqueous channel through their membranes, which disrupts appropriate cell function. The discovery of this cellular interaction has