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This volume contains papers presented at the Conference on Retinoids: New Trends in Research and Clinical Applications, held in 1991 in Palermo, Italy, describing the latest research findings on biochemistry, nutrition, molecular and cell biology and developmental biology, as well as the pharmacology and the therapeutic use of vitamin A and its congeners.;Written by leading authorities in the field from the USA, Europe and Japan, Retinoids, amongst other things: addresses retinol-supported retinoic acid (RA) synthesis and catabolism; identifies synthetic ligands with a high selective affinity for RAR-alpha, -beta and -gamma nuclear receptors, determining if they would show pharmacological properties similar to the natural parent substance all-trans RA; considers the embryonic/foetal cellular retinoid-binding proteins and evidence for their participation in normal and abnormal morphogenesis; discusses a novel arotinoid, Ro 40-8757, that exhibited improved anti-tumour efficacy and safety in pre-clinical tests; and reports the audioradiographic distribution of retinol and RA in organs of pregnant hamsters and foetuses.
This book deals primarily with the role of emotions in the mechanisms of memory. It is a compilation of the lectures given at a course conducted at the International School of Biocybernetics.
Living cells require a constant supply of energy for the orchestration of a variety of biological processes in fluctuating environmental conditions. In heterotrophic organisms, energy mainly derives from the oxidation of carbohydrates and lipids, whose chemical bonds breakdown allows electrons to generate ATP and to provide reducing equivalents needed to restore the antioxidant systems and prevent from damage induced by reactive oxygen and nitric oxide (NO)-derived species (ROS and RNS). Studies of the last two decades have highlighted that cancer cells reprogram the metabolic circuitries in order to sustain their high growth rate, invade other tissues, and escape death. Therefore, this broa...
This volume addresses a fundamental puzzle in biology and medicine, namely, how does tissue develop, repair and replace itself. The answer appears to lie in growth factors and their regulation. To thrive and survive we need growth factors and this book concentrates on two factors that are related to growth hormone. Growth hormone does not act directly on all tissues, but mediates many of its actions through the release of insulin-like growth factors from the liver. The growth factors were originally called somatomedins by McConaghey and Sledge (1), who discovered that they mediated growth-like effects of growth hormone. However, the factors were purified on the basis of their insulinomimetic actions on fat and muscle and it is their relationship to the insulin family of pep tides that now gives them their name (2,3) of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). They mediate the actions of. growth hormone on the proteoglycan synthesis of cartilage and produce mitogenic effects in fibroblast cultures.
Several pathogenic mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of substantial nigra (SN) dopamine (DA) neurons. Alterations in calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, cellular proteostasis, axonal transport, mitochondrial function, and neuroinflammation are linked to PD. However, research involving inter-organelle communication and their significance as precise mechanisms underlying neuronal death in PD remain to be elucidated. Evidence showed that perturbations in the mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD. Alterations in the mitochondria-ER interface have been ...