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The main objective of the present article is to critically evaluate efforts undertaken by the Govt. to abolish the manual scavengers and to study the reasons for the failure of such programs: Secondary data such as articles, Books, legislations related to manual scavengers were used to meet the study objectives. The Scavenger and sewage workers suffer mainly from chemical and biological hazards. This can be prevented through engineering, medical and legislative measures. The engineering measure should focus on making the process more mechanistic.
I. INTRODUCTION: In India, there are constitutional and legislative prohibitions on “untouchability” and manual scavenging. However, women and men continue to be engaged in manually cleaning human excrement from private and public dry toilets, open defecation sites, septic tanks, and open and closed gutters and sewers. They usually embark upon manual scavenging because of traditional caste-based roles that leave them few, if any, alternate employment options, a situation perpetuated by poor implementation of laws and policies prohibiting this practice.
The status of women belonging to Scheduled Castes are perhaps best revealed by studying the social, economic, educational, health and political conditions of these women. They are the have not's of Indian society. They deserve all attention and support from State, Community and Society. Earlier they were neglected by upper castes and their own fellows. For a long period, the social justice was based on class, religion, creed and caste. The high rate of infant mortality, child mortality and maternal deaths among Scheduled Caste Women was serious problem. Scheduled Caste Women are discriminated due to a patriarchic dominated social structure on the one hand and humiliation within them due to caste ridden social system on the other. Therefore, a proper and transparent justice was never possible.
Vols. 1- contain separately paged sections Journal & summaries, Acts and notifications, and Reports.
1867- includes the "Annual report of the Geological survey of India".
Dictionary of terminology mostly used in Indian courtrooms.
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