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Food consumption and nutrition are historically among the most characteristic features of inequality in living standards driven by socioeconomic, gender, generational and geographical reasons. Nutrition directly impacts mortality, life expectancy, height and illness and thus becomes a good indicator of living standards and their evolution over time. However, one issue that remains unresolved is how to measure past diet inequalities with the available sources. This book evaluates nutritional inequalities in Spain from the nineteenth century to the present day. It explores the socioeconomic, gender, generational and geographical variations in food consumption and nutrition in Spain during this...
The industrialization of food preservation and processing has been a dramatic development across Europe during modern times. This book sets out its story from the beginning of the nineteenth century when preservation of food from one harvest to another was essential to prevent hunger and even famine. Population growth and urbanization depended upon a break out from the ’biological ancien regime’ in which hunger was an ever-present threat. The application of mass production techniques by the food industries was essential to the modernization of Europe. From the mid-nineteenth century the development of food industries followed a marked regional pattern. After an initial growth in north-we...
This edited collection presents an economic history of Catalonia and its economic crises, from Roman times to the political difficulties of the present day. It considers how the strong identity of the Catalan people has been reinforced in critical episodes such as the commercial revolution of the Late Medieval Age, the 1640 rebellion, the Succession War of 1705-1714, the industrial revolution of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and the strong repression during early Francoism. The book also explores how historical parallels from Catalonia’s past might shed light on the long-term consequences of the Great Recession of 2007-9 and recovery in the EU, showing how the typical Mediterran...
The studies in this exceptional volume explore the challenges and opportunities presented by globalization events prior to 1950, and identify how countries around the Mediterranean responded to them. In addition to comparative assessments of regional performance, the volume offers detailed case studies of Spain, Italy, the Balkans, Turkey, Israel and Egypt.
James Simpson shows how the wine industry was transformed in the decades leading up to the First World War.
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The Book of Revelation describes natural disasters that we have only recently come to know about: coronal mass ejections, global wildfires, asteroid impacts. Could it be that they lie not far in the future? The vision of the four horsemen came to pass in 1870-1945. Nineteen centuries after the Romans drove the Jews from their land, Israel in 1948 was restored to statehood, and Jesus foretold that there would be people alive then who would still be alive when he returned. Revelation refers to the Arab-Israeli wars that in 1967 and 1973 threatened to destroy the new state; also to a time, still in the future, when the country will be conquered. Like the picture on a jigsaw box, John's prophecy enables us, the last generation, to fit the scattered pieces of Old Testament prophecy together (much of it unfulfilled) and look back on what God has been doing through all history, from Creation to the present day. The present age climaxes with the resurrection of Israel's dead and a global earthquake that destroys civilization--our civilization. Unprecedented suffering lies ahead, and we need to be prepared for it. After these things the kingdom will come.
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In the midst of a major move from suburban Virginia (“too close to the flagpole”) to the Great State of Texas (“my kind of place and my kind of people”) retired Marine Gunner Shake Davis is contemplating the government’s proposed normalization of relations with Cuba – and he’s not happy about it. By the time he arrives at the new Davis homestead in a quaint little town south of the Texas capitol at Austin, he’s convinced – by instinct and past experience with tenacious communist regimes – that America is making a big mistake in making nice with the Castro regime When Shake learns that an American intelligence analyst with a brain full of highly classified information has gone missing in Cuba, he mistrusts the physical evidence that the man is dead and heads for Havana to conduct his own investigation from the Guantanamo Bay Navy Base while normalization talks are ongoing in Havana. When that investigation reveals that the American is being held hostage on Fidel Castro’s private island, Shake, Mike and a small team of Marine Raiders stage a daring rescue from the sea.