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Teori Bilangan : Fondasi dan Aplikasi
Buku "Teori Bilangan : Fondasi dan Aplikasi" adalah sebuah panduan lengkap yang memperkenalkan pembaca pada dunia kompleks Teori Bilangan. Buku ini memulai perjalanan dengan definisi yang jelas tentang Teori Bilangan, memberikan fondasi yang kuat bagi pembaca untuk memahami topik lebih lanjut. Melalui sejarah perkembangan, pembaca diperkenalkan pada evolusi konsep-konsep dalam bidang ini dari zaman kuno hingga modern. Dalam pembahasan tentang Bilangan Prima dan Faktorisasi Bilangan, pembaca dipandu untuk memahami sifat-sifat unik bilangan prima dan bagaimana memfaktorkan bilangan menjadi faktor-faktor primanya. Kemudian, buku ini menggali topik penting lainnya seperti Congruences dan Modular...
Challenging Mathematics In and Beyond the Classroom
In the mid 1980s, the International Commission on Mathematical Instruction (ICMI) inaugurated a series of studies in mathematics education by comm- sioning one on the influence of technology and informatics on mathematics and its teaching. These studies are designed to thoroughly explore topics of c- temporary interest, by gathering together a group of experts who prepare a Study Volume that provides a considered assessment of the current state and a guide to further developments. Studies have embraced a range of issues, some central, such as the teaching of algebra, some closely related, such as the impact of history and psychology, and some looking at mathematics education from a particula...
Fuzzy Control, Estimation and Diagnosis
This textbook explains the principles of fuzzy systems in some depth together with information useful in realizing them within computational processes. The various algorithms and example problem solutions are a well-balanced and pertinent aid for research projects, laboratory work and graduate study. In addition to its worked examples, the book also uses end-of-chapter exercises as an instructional aid. The content of the book is developed and extended from material taught for four years in the author’s classes. The text provides a broad overview of fuzzy control, estimation and fault diagnosis. It ranges over various classes of target system and modes of control and then turns to filtering, stabilization, and fault detection and diagnosis. Applications, simulation tools and an appendix on algebraic inequalities complete a unified approach to the analysis of single and interconnected fuzzy systems. Fuzzy Control, Estimation and Fault Detection is a guide for final-year undergraduate and graduate students of electrical and mechanical engineering, computer science and information technology, and will also be instructive for professionals in the information technology sector.
Introduction to Fuzzy Sets, Fuzzy Logic, and Fuzzy Control Systems
In the early 1970s, fuzzy systems and fuzzy control theories added a new dimension to control systems engineering. From its beginnings as mostly heuristic and somewhat ad hoc, more recent and rigorous approaches to fuzzy control theory have helped make it an integral part of modern control theory and produced many exciting results. Yesterday's "art
Relative P-adic Hodge Theory
The authors describe a new approach to relative $p$-adic Hodge theory based on systematic use of Witt vector constructions and nonarchimedean analytic geometry in the style of both Berkovich and Huber. They give a thorough development of $\varphi$-modules over a relative Robba ring associated to a perfect Banach ring of characteristic $p$, including the relationship between these objects and etale ${\mathbb Z}_p$-local systems and ${\mathbb Q}_p$-local systems on the algebraic and analytic spaces associated to the base ring, and the relationship between (pro-)etale cohomology and $\varphi$-cohomology. They also make a critical link to mixed characteristic by exhibiting an equivalence of tens...
The Wage Curve
The Wage Curve casts doubt on some of the most important ideas in macroeconomics, labor economics, and regional economics. According to macroeconomic orthodoxy, there is a relationship between unemployment and the rate of change of wages. According to orthodoxy in labor economics and regional economics an area's wage is positively related to the amount of joblessness in the area. The Wage Curve suggests that both these beliefs are incorrect. Blanchflower and Oswald argue that the stable relationship is a downward-sloping convex curve linking local unemployment and the level of pay. Their study, one of the most intensive in the history of social science, is based on random samples that provide computerized information on nearly four million people from sixteen countries. Throughout, the authors systematically present evidence and possible explanations for their empirical law of economics.
Cognition and Chance
Lack of ability to think probabilistically makes one prone to a variety of irrational fears and vulnerable to scams designed to exploit probabilistic naiveté, impairs decision making under uncertainty, facilitates the misinterpretation of statistical information, and precludes critical evaluation of likelihood claims. Cognition and Chance presents an overview of the information needed to avoid such pitfalls and to assess and respond to probabilistic situations in a rational way. Dr. Nickerson investigates such questions as how good individuals are at thinking probabilistically and how consistent their reasoning under uncertainty is with principles of mathematical statistics and probability ...
P-Adic Functional Analysis
This volume collects together lectures presented at the Sixth International Conference held at the University of Ioannina, Greece, on p-adic functional analysis with applications in the fields of physics, differential equations, number theory, probability theory, dynamical systems, and algebraic number fields. It discusses the commutation relation AB-BA=I and its central role in quantum mechanics.
Schemas in Problem Solving
Schemas in Problem Solving introduces a new approach to the study of learning, instruction, and assessment. Focusing on the area of arithmetic story problems, Marshall shows how instruction can lead to more meaningful learning by emphasizing the ways students acquire and store knowledge in memory. She identifies major knowledge structures called schemas, describes instruction designed around theses structures, and assesses the strengths and weaknesses in the knowledge that the students demonstrate following instruction. To evaluate the success of her approach, Marshall describes traditional experiments and computer simulations of student performance.
