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First published in 1960, Richard Harrison Shryock's Medicine and Society in America: 1660-1860 remains a sweeping and informative introduction to the practice of medicine, the education of physicians, the understanding of health and disease, and the professionalization of medicine in the Colonial Era and the period of the Early Republic. Shryock details such developments as the founding of the first medical school in America (at the College of Philadelphia in 1765); the introduction of inoculation against smallpox in Boston in 1721; the creation of the Marine Hospital Service in 1799, under which all merchant marines were required to take out health insurance; and the state of medical knowledge on the eve of the Civil War.
USA / Arzt / Geschichte.
The relation of the progress of medical science to the social history of humanity. Starting with the seventeenth century, the author analyzes the defeats as well as the triumphs that medicine has gone through to reach its present usefulness.
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Nursing, Physician Control, and the Medical Monopoly Historical Perspectives on Gendered Inequality in Roles, Rights, and Range of Practice Thetis M. Group and Joan I. Roberts A history of physicians' efforts to dominate the healthcare system. Nursing, Physician Control, and the Medical Monopoly traces the efforts by physicians over time to achieve a monopoly in healthcare, often by subordinating nurses -- their only genuine competitors. Attempts by nurses to reform many aspects of healthcare have been repeatedly opposed by physicians whose primary interest has been to achieve total control of the healthcare "system," often to the detriment of patients' health and safety. Thetis M. Group and...
Based on the author's 1976 Richard H. Shryock lectures sponsored by the University of Pennsylvania Dept. of History.