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George Washington Carver
She also sets out how these roles served both whites and blacks; reminds the reader of Carver's personal and circumstantial reasons for not demurring; and reaffirms, in particular, his impact on individuals (prominent among whom was Southern radical Howard Kester--viz. Anthony Dunbar's Against the Grain, above). An intellectually satisfying study and no less an affecting biography.
Biographical Review
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George Washington Carver
George Washington Carver was born into slavery in the final weeks of the Civil War. When he was growing up, George was so good at growing plants that the neighbors called him the “plant doctor.” Since George was African American, he wasn’t allowed to go to school with white children. But George was so eager for an education that he walked for miles and moved all over the country to go to school. He studied agriculture in college so he could learn to help others. After college, he moved to the South and taught poor farmers how to grow crops better and keep their soil healthier. He became a respected teacher and scientist during the Great Depression because of his knowledge and kindness to others.
Does Torture Prevention Work?
In the past three decades, international and regional human rights bodies have developed an ever-lengthening list of measures that states are required to adopt in order to prevent torture. But do any of these mechanisms actually work? This study is the first systematic analysis of the effectiveness of torture prevention. Primary research was conducted in 16 countries, looking at their experience of torture and prevention mechanisms over a 30-year period. Data was analysed using a combination of quantitative and qualitative techniques. Prevention measures do work, although some are much more effective than others. Most important of all are the safeguards that should be applied in the first hours and days after a person is taken into custody. Notification of family and access to an independent lawyer and doctor have a significant impact in reducing torture. The investigation and prosecution of torturers and the creation of independent monitoring bodies are also important in reducing torture. An important caveat to the conclusion that prevention works is that is actual practice in police stations and detention centres that matters - not treaties ratified or laws on the statute book.
