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All the major techniques of inquiry which anthropology students now take for granted were first set out in this book. In 1800 Degerando wrote these Considerations on the Various Methods to Follow in the Observation of Savage Peoples as a memoir to serve as guidance to the members of the Societe des Observateurs de l'Homme in an impending expedition to Australia. Degerando's originality lies in his recognizing and stating that the observations of previous explorers were casual and superficial. The advice to the members of the expedition listed topics about which observations should be made and how they should be made. First published in 1969.
In the late 1770s, as a wave of revolution and republican unrest swept across Europe, scholars looked with urgency on the progress of European civilization. Carhart examines their approaches to understanding human development by investigating the invention of a new analytic category, "culture."
This volume of 14 original essays by historians and literary scholars explores childhood and children's books in Early Modern Europe, 1550-1800. The collection aims to reposition childhood as a compelling presence in early modern imagination--a ready emblem of innocence, mischief, and playfulness. The essays offer a wide-ranging basis for reconceptualizing the development of a separate literature for children as central to evolving early modern concepts of human development and socialization. Among the topics covered are constructs of literacy as revealed by the figure of Goody Two Shoes, notions of pedagogy and academic standards, a reception study of children's reading based on book purchases made by Rugby school boys in the late eighteenth-century, an analysis of the first international best-seller for children, the abbe Pluche's Spectacle de la nature, and the commodification of child performers in Jacobean comedies.
Through detailed readings of a wide variety of accounts, debates, and representations, Encounters with Wild Children explores the many different meanings these children were given and the varied responses they elicited. Adriana Benzaquén explains why wild children continue to haunt and fascinate Western scientists and shows how the knowledge they have generated in different disciplines, including anthropology, psychology, psychiatry, pedagogy, linguistics, and sociology, has contributed to the shaping and reshaping of the modern understanding of "the child" and affected the social and institutional practices directed at all children in schools, welfare, mental health, and the law.
"An extensive study of the emergence of ethnology and ethnography, and how theories in Europe and Russia during the eighteenth century experienced a paradigm shift with the work of Franz Boas starting in 1886"--
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This is a history of relations between the municipality and the diocese of Grasse from the origins of the city in the 12th century to the separation of church and state in 1905. It proposes that laicization of local institutions, not de-Christianization, was the source of modernity in Grasse.