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This book offers an analysis of the key issues faced by women in the labor market in the 21st century. It identifies the factors that inhibit women's participation in the labor market, studies occupational segregation by gender and analyzes labor transitions, questioning whether the experience for men and women differs. It also explores the effect of entrepreneurship support programs on women's economic and social positions, as well as the public policy implications of women's entry into the labor market. The book investigates working women in Mexico and also offers comparisons with countries such as Spain and developing countries within Eastern Europe. It explores a variety of topics, from ...
Provisioning for basic human needs is done in three main kind of institutions: the familial household; the commercial enterprise selling goods and services; the institutions of the Welfare State that provide education, medical care and other goods and personal services to all or to some specific groups of citizens in need. The purpose of this book is to study the interplay of these institutions and their impact on well-being, and to analyze key policies and measures that have been implemented in European countries. Institutions determine labour demand (men and women are hired by the institutions of the Welfare State or by market providers of care), the possibilities of consumption (wages ear...
This book presents different approaches to regional development based on knowledge and innovation in Andalusia, Spain (and some other countries).
Capitalism, Institutions and Social Orders develops a novel political economy approach by establishing a dialogue between the Social Structures of Accumulation (SSA) theory and Ernesto Laclau’s post-Marxism theory. Using this synthesis, it provides an in-depth analysis of Spain’s recent socio-economic evolution since the early 1990s. The book develops a theoretical framework capable of appraising capitalist dynamics together with their relationship to the institutional environment surrounding and structuring them. This is in order to explore the interrelation between the historical development of the capitalist mode of production, on the one hand, and the various co-existing social proce...
This book examines gender inequality from the perspective of feminist economics, with empirical application, across different countries such as Turkey, the United States, Mexico, Uruguay, Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica and territories within Europe. It centers on topics such as labor participation, occupational segregation, feminization of poverty and migration, wage differentials, changes in and the quality of employment, equity index, and gender bias in fiscal policies. It encompasses both developed and developing countries and shows that the gender gap has been narrowing over time, although not completely, mainly due to the sparse implementation of programs and public policies with a fem...
This book offers a new critical framework for understanding the processes of politicising and gendering care for older people and their manifestations in several European contexts. It interrogates how care for older adults varies across time and place while searching for an in-depth comprehension of how it becomes an arena of political struggle and the object of public policy in different countries and at various societal and political levels. It brings together multidisciplinary contributions that examine the issue of care for older people as a political concern from many angles, such as problematising care needs, long-term care policies, home care services, institutional services and family care. The contributions reveal the diversity of situations in which the processes of politicising and gendering care for older adults overlap, contradict or reinforce each other while leading to increased gender (in)equalities on different levels.
This Advanced Introduction examines the economic, social, and political conditions that have shaped the 21st century workplace in wealthy democracies, highlighting the changes in work since the 1970s which have produced the ‘new economy’. Amy S. Wharton illuminates important aspects of today’s workplace, including the service economy, customer-facing jobs, the transformative effects of digital platforms, and the ‘opening’ of the employment relationship.
On Social Closure reinvigorates the idea of social closure as a basic sociological concept for understanding the strategies powerful groups use to improve their life chances at the expense of the less powerful. Jürgen Mackert provides sociological tools for analysing three critical forms of closure in the world today: exclusion in the context of neoliberalism; exploitation within global capitalism; and elimination in the ongoing legacy of settler colonialism, thereby transcending Eurocentric analyses. Mackert puts forward a mechanism-based explanatory approach identifies two critical social mechanisms that operate in various kinds of social closure struggles. The first explains how human beings, social groups, or communities are denied access to resources, rights, or critical networks, while the second explains how the powerful exert control that leaves the less powerful vulnerable and unable to fight back. Through a critical reconsideration and revision of existing concepts and by bringing in new ones, Jürgen Mackert develops a novel theoretical approach to social closure.
Jobs provide higher earnings and better benefits as countries grow, but they are also a driver of development. Poverty falls as people work their way out of hardship and as jobs empowering women lead to greater investments in children. Efficiency increases as workers get better at what they do, as more productive jobs appear, and less productive ones disappear. Societies flourish as jobs bring together people from different ethnic and social backgrounds and provide alternatives to conflict. Jobs are thus more than a byproduct of economic growth. They are transformational —they are what we earn, what we do, and even who we are. High unemployment and unmet job expectations among youth are th...
Care and Pandemic captures an up-to-the-moment account of COVID-19 and its aftermath by an interdisciplinary network of transatlantic scholars reporting from Brazil, Colombia, and France. Case studies diagnose the problem, revealing socio-demographic dynamics of care labor markets, outlining the impact of online care platforms on the conditions of care work, and providing caring strategies rooted in community solidarity. Creating a robust and more resilient care organization requires a comprehensive understanding of why systems failed to build capacity that can absorb external shocks and address structural changes before, during, and after disasters. Contributors are: Gabriela Alkmin, Marian...